Authors Playing With Our Emotions Essays -- The Fear, Speaking Bittern

Authors Playing With Our Emotions in Robert Frosts The Fear, Chuck Palahniuks communicate Bitterness, Shirley Jacksons The Lottery, and Flannery OConnors A Good Man Is Hard to Find Some authors are precise clever in the way they toy with our emotions. It is not uncommon to find yourself giggling at a story while simultaneously realizing you probably should not be laughing at something that is actually quite gruesome. These mixed emotions are stressful for a reader, and this anxiety is an authors way of creating paranoia. Paranoia is a fear excited in the main by extreme anxiety, and in many cases the anxiety is a result of dissonant emotions that create tension. Robert Frosts The Fear, Chuck Palahniuks Speaking Bitterness, Shirley Jacksons The Lottery, and Flannery OConnors A Good Man Is Hard to Find all utilize dissonant emotions to cause stress for the reader. Frost and Palahniuk focus on the conflict between fear and a lack of reason for fear. Jackson and OConnor fo cus on the illegitimate enterprise between humor and gore, and also the conflict between a need to feel sympathy for a character and a lack of connection to utter character. But there are also the fearless, bold, and strong-minded people. There are people who may not be affected by the tricky ways of these authors. However, they are the exceptions, and just because they do not feel it does not mean they are not supposed to. Despite these exceptional people, authors design their stories specifically to accommodate the tension from dissonant emotions in order to elicit paranoia-related anxiety. It is natural to want to identify the source of an emotion, so when authors create an overwhelming sense of fear without explanation, the reader experie... ... author wants them to be guided. The paranoia aspect is a theme that the authors are trying to utilize as a means to a certain end of their choosing, and that is wherefore they induce such anxiety in their readers. A sense of paranoia is elicited by the tension created by conflicting emotions. Works CitedFrost, Robert. The Fear. Robert Frosts Poems. New York St. Martins, 2002. 107-111. Print.Jackson, Shirley. The Lottery. The falsehood and Its Writer An Introduction to Short Fiction. Ed. Ann Charters. 8th ed. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2003. 586-592. Print.OConnor, Flannery. A Good Man Is Hard to Find. The Story and Its Writer An Introduction to Short Fiction. Ed. Ann Charters. 8th ed. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2003. 1042-1053. Print.Palahniuk, Chuck. Speaking Bitterness. Haunted. Chuck Palahniuk. New York Doubleday, 2005. 258-268. Print.

Wealth :: essays research papers

richesThe Gospel of Wealth written by Andrew Carnegie discusses the post Civil War industrial expansion era, a time that produced im mense wealthiness for many business tycoons. Andrew Carnegia, an elite industrialist, created a very large wealth for himself during this time. Some of the elite industrialists essay to change their robber baron take care by curbing their often ostentatious lifestyles and seeking opportunities to enhance the community. Andrew for one, decided that it was imperative for crocked individuals to disperse their wealth throughout the society for the advancement of the community. In his article he believes that the conditions of society admit revolutionized over the past hundred years, and it was inevitable that some individuals would become quite prosperous. He believes that the change that has occurred, should not be looked down upon but should be welcomed, because then their can be great things. Furthermore, Andrew Carnegie made a list of duties for men with wealth to abide by.He suggested that the wealthy should set of example of modesty, by shunning the display of extravagance, and should live unostentatiously. Carnegie believed that the rich man should become a legal guardian for the poorer man, either giving insight, superior wisdom, or through experiences. Carnegie believes that the rich man should be restricted to the examples of Peter Cooper, Enoch Pratt of both Baltimore and Brooklyn, who have improved the community and have created things such as parks for everyone to enjoy. He concludes, that a wealthy man who dies rich, will be unwept, and unhonored, while being disgraced. Thus, one should be a philanthropist and give screen to the community.I unfeignedly feel that Andrew Carnegie article is filled with great principles. I think it is great when you see wealthy individuals giving back to the community. Although, I find it almost wry and contradictory that after having written this that he lived in such an extrav agant mansion. Nevertheless, I think his house is fine-looking and it is great that he gave so very much back to the community, like libraries, a university, and recreational places. A good friend of mine from school back in Miami had a very affluent granddaddy who owned the distributing rights to numerous popular beverage companies. He passed away this month and had over 2,000 people at his funeral.Wealth essays research papers WealthThe Gospel of Wealth written by Andrew Carnegie discusses the post Civil War industrial expansion era, a time that produced wide wealth for many business tycoons. Andrew Carnegia, an elite industrialist, created a very large wealth for himself during this time. Some of the elite industrialists tried to change their robber baron image by curbing their often ostentatious lifestyles and seeking opportunities to enhance the community. Andrew for one, decided that it was imperative for wealthy individuals to disperse their wealth throughout the socie ty for the advancement of the community. In his article he believes that the conditions of society have revolutionized over the past hundred years, and it was inevitable that some individuals would become quite prosperous. He believes that the change that has occurred, should not be looked down upon but should be welcomed, because then their can be great things. Furthermore, Andrew Carnegie made a list of duties for men with wealth to abide by.He suggested that the wealthy should set of example of modesty, by shunning the display of extravagance, and should live unostentatiously. Carnegie believed that the rich man should become a trustee for the poorer man, either giving insight, superior wisdom, or through experiences. Carnegie believes that the rich man should be restricted to the examples of Peter Cooper, Enoch Pratt of both Baltimore and Brooklyn, who have improved the community and have created things such as parks for everyone to enjoy. He concludes, that a wealthy man who di es rich, will be unwept, and unhonored, while being disgraced. Thus, one should be a philanthropist and give back to the community.I truly feel that Andrew Carnegie article is filled with great principles. I think it is great when you see wealthy individuals giving back to the community. Although, I find it almost ironic and contradictory that after having written this that he lived in such an extravagant mansion. Nevertheless, I think his house is beautiful and it is great that he gave so much back to the community, like libraries, a university, and recreational places. A good friend of mine from school back in Miami had a very affluent grandfather who owned the distributing rights to numerous popular beverage companies. He passed away this month and had over 2,000 people at his funeral.

Brave New World - Happiness :: essays research papers

With reference to the text, discuss Mustafa Monds didactics The secret to happiness is liking what you have to do.Mustafa Mond is presented to us as one of the Ten gentleman Controllers in Brave New World, of that Utopian, communal and stabilized world, set six hundred years into future. This new world that contradicts the world we live in today, eliminated the Freedoms that we matter on the freedom of choice, the freedom of thought, religion and beingness. They have chosen to condition their individuals in baby factories in order to ensure identity, community and stability. The fundamental principle behind the conditioning is utilitarianism, which describes a society that seeks to create maximum happiness. Those who are happy are thought to be efficient and beneficial to society. Monds statement The secret to happiness is liking what you have to do, applies to his conditioned world, with abolished Freedoms, but it does not apply to the world we live in today.Huxley shows how "identity" is established in the learn Centre through the selection of the embryos into each of five groups. All the individuals in Brave New World have their identity predestined by somebody else. This promotes stability by creating a group of workers whose preferences are moulded by the state. I cannot concur with this root word of puppet creation where people can be represent as puppets and the state can be said to be their puppet master who has a right to choose their character roles. In our society, this goes against the freedom of being and becoming someone you wish to be. Mr Foster addresses the students about Epsilons and mentions, We condition them to thrive on heat, (p. 31). This can explain why they are predestined to like secure temperatures and why they emigrate to tropics to become miners and steel workers and in that way benefit the society. I should mention that I do not agree with their idea that one should be conditioned to be happy with what they are d oing or to perform the task correctly. In todays society, one may menu that there are people who grew up near coalmines and without anyone forcing them to work, they still feel like they should dedicate themselves to a miners duty. They might have been born(p) into a miners family and upon their own will, might decide to follow their familys footsteps.

The Clown :: essays research papers

All people know a circus clown when they see one. Jim the clown was not your typical circus clown, with gigantic fire engine red shoes on his tiny feet. He was very different in various ways. His ears where so colossal, that they hung off the side of his head, give care ears on an quaint elephant born deep in a lush tropical subterranean rain forest of South East Africa. Standing about nine feet in the air, swaying from side to side, like a redwood timber tree in the cold snow drifts Alps of Washington State. He towers over everyone he meets, like the skyscrapers of New York City. His hair, looked to be made of thick cotton, but curly as ribbon on a bow, a multicolored rainbow running from forehead the neckline and just about an extra foot soaring from him crown. Jim the clown could be heard from miles around as his voice carried, as roughly as sandpaper, through the dusty carom bottom of the poverty stricken village. A few nineteenth sentry cobble stone homes and rubble is all that remained. Upon his pale pasty balloon regulate face were two perfectly round circles that sat upon his cheeks. These rose to attention whenever he smiled, but it was very rarely. They plummeted just as fast with a horrifying frown. Fear came to many when they saw him smile. For it brought a sensation of death and grief throughout the several villagers he encountered. His gums and teeth where so disfigured. A hazy banana yellow tint presided over them, whenever he smiled or talked. Always dressed in jailbreak stripes, he wore red and white pants, an extremely large stoolpigeon yellow bow tie. None of the children loved to see him but even fewer of them loved to hug him. With every tearing hugging embrace, they felt the smooth out texture of his plum colored sequenced embedded velvet shirt. If being nine feet off the ground was not enough, he was as round and rotten olfactory perception as a decaying Florida naval orange.

Flaxseed to reduce plasma cholesterol and the formation of atherosclero

Regarding the study Flaxseed reduces germ plasm cholesterol and atherosclerotic lesion system in ovariectomized Golden Syrian hamsters, the research question for Lucas et al. (2004) study is Can flaxseed reduce plasma cholesterol and the formation of atherosclerotic lesion in women who argon deficient in ovarian hormones or menopausal women? According to the study, in menopausal women, the privation of ovarian hormones will increase the level of plasma cholesterol and the risk of plaque formation which lead to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Previously, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was used to solve this problem. However, it is related to an increased risk of some serious diseases such as ovarian cancer and breast cancer therefore, a lot of women are turning to a safer way to deal with this problem. Recently, functional foods, foods which have the potential for health protection, are considered alternatives to use for reducing CVD risks, and flaxseed is one of those which is u sed to lower factors that cause CVD. Since it is rich in lignans, -linolenic acid (ALA) and soluble fiber which can lower cholesterol level, flaxseed would be beneficial for decreasing CVD risks in postmenopausal women. From previous animal and human studies, we know that flaxseed has the potential to reduce concentrations of cholesterol. Moreover, it can withal prevent atherosclerosis by interacting with the vessel wall. However, the effect of flaxseed in reducing plasma cholesterol and atherosclerotic lesion formation associated with ovarian hormone deficiency has not been investigated (Lucas et al., 2004). For these reasons, this study focused on the dose-dependent effect of flaxseed on cholesterol concentrations and atherosclerotic lesion formation. S... ...study and methods to measure and analyze data. Ovariectomized hamsters were proper representatives of postmenopausal women, since after ovariectomy, their plasma cholesterol and the formation of lesions were also increased. Moreover, the authors referred to related studies to develop the experiments and this also provides information about the importance of the project. However, samples collected during the study had to be kept and analyzed afterwards therefore, this may affect their condition and an accuracy of the results. Works CitedLucas, A. E., Lightfoot, A. S., Hammond, J. L., Devareddy, L., Khalil, A. D., Daggy, P. B.,Smith, J. B., Westcott, N., Mocanu, V., Soung, Y. D., Arjmandi, H. B. (2004). Flaxseedreduces plasma cholesterol and atherosclerotic lesion formation in ovariectomized Golden Syrian hamsters. Atherosclerosis, 173, 223-229.

Flaxseed to reduce plasma cholesterol and the formation of atherosclero

Regarding the study Flaxseed reduces plasma cholesterol and atherosclerotic lesion formation in ovariectomized well-disposed Syrian hamsters, the research question for Lucas et al. (2004) study is Can flaxseed reduce plasma cholesterol and the formation of atherosclerotic lesion in women who are deficient in ovarian endocrines or menopausal women? According to the study, in menopausal women, the deficiency of ovarian hormones will increase the level of plasma cholesterol and the risk of cheek formation which lead to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Previously, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was used to solve this problem. However, it is related to an increased risk of some serious diseases such as ovarian burn downcer and breast cancer therefore, a lot of women are turning to a safer way to deal with this problem. Recently, functional foods, foods which have the potential for wellness protection, are considered alternatives to use for reducing CVD risks, and flaxseed is one of th ose which is used to refuse factors that cause CVD. Since it is rich in lignans, -linolenic acid (ALA) and soluble fiber which can lower cholesterol level, flaxseed would be beneficial for decreasing CVD risks in postmenopausal women. From previous animal and human studies, we know that flaxseed has the potential to reduce concentrations of cholesterol. Moreover, it can also prevent atherosclerosis by interacting with the vessel wall. However, the effect of flaxseed in reducing plasma cholesterol and atherosclerotic lesion formation associated with ovarian hormone deficiency has not been investigated (Lucas et al., 2004). For these reasons, this study focused on the dose-dependent effect of flaxseed on cholesterol concentrations and atherosclerotic lesion formation. S... ...study and methods to measure and analyze data. Ovariectomized hamsters were proper representatives of postmenopausal women, since by and by ovariectomy, their plasma cholesterol and the formation of lesions we re also increased. Moreover, the authors referred to related studies to develop the experiments and this also provides information about the importance of the project. However, samples collected during the study had to be kept and analyze later therefore, this may affect their condition and an accuracy of the results. Works CitedLucas, A. E., Lightfoot, A. S., Hammond, J. L., Devareddy, L., Khalil, A. D., Daggy, P. B.,Smith, J. B., Westcott, N., Mocanu, V., Soung, Y. D., Arjmandi, H. B. (2004). Flaxseedreduces plasma cholesterol and atherosclerotic lesion formation in ovariectomized Golden Syrian hamsters. Atherosclerosis, 173, 223-229.

Limitations From Suffering Chronic Asthma

One of the major public health problems approach Australia forthwith is asthma attack attack attack. It is disturbing that there has been an manifest increment in its prevalence and hardness, and maturationd rates of hospital admissions. (E.J.Comino, 1996) For the diagnosed affected role, the class to which he or she erects is get in touchd to severity of the condition, compliance with recommendations by medical experts, the con statusinous environment and the stiffness of t to each oneing method plans.Like other major health problems, asthma attack has varying degrees of symptoms. As much(prenominal), the degree and frequency of the symptoms limits many aspects of the asthmatics life. To describe the master(prenominal)(prenominal) limitations suffered by those with chronic asthma, asthma must be defined. asthma attack is a condition whereby the sufferer has difficulty take a breath due to widespread tapered of the directways of the lungs. This narrowing corp oration be caused by a local inflammation of the air-ways, muscle contraction or the production of exorbitance mucus with in bronchi. (R.Roberts, 1996) Most gross is bronchial asthma. Medical definitions of asthma suggest that environmental prompts dissolve substantially contribute to the occurrence of an asthma attack. The followup of asthma in capital of Seychelles (1988) by the asthma base of operations of Victoria outlined infection, make for, climatic conditions, exposure to airborne irritants and emotional upsets as the main trigger factors.However, doctors use a general categorisation to identify a patients pattern of asthmaclassifying battalion who experience some symptoms of asthma on well-nigh daylights as having a chronic asthma condition. The classification system too extends to the categories of children, occupational asthma and asthma in later life. Usually regular medicinal drug is required to keep the lungs functioning as normally as possible. virtua lly chronic asthmatics look at severe symptoms over a long period of cadence and whitethorn require long term or indefinite medication to be able to lead a normal life. (Lane, 1996)The virtually obvious limitations suffered relate to the asthmatics physiological dysfunction. However, physiological dysfunction crapper in turn contribute to greater social and psychological limitations. This area is related more particular propositionally to woodland of life and morbidity and will be discussed that on. The main physiological limitation is related to the presence of the bronchial narrowing slowing the movement of air into and out of the lungs. Thus, there is difficulty twain breathing in and out. asthma attacktics commonly describe the feeling tightness of the white meat, congestion and wheezing. Although these symptoms tramp commonly occur in other chest diseases, in asthma it is a characteristic that can occur in an aggravated attack. This whitethorn be either brief episod es of chest tightness demiseing a government issue of minutes or a prolonged episode of wheezing lasting up to and hour, which can merge into a full blown attack of asthma. (D.J.Lane, 1996) another(prenominal) physiological limitations relate to the sufferers sensitivity to known triggers factors and the consequential effect on their periodic functioning. The Global Strategy for Asthma Management and saloon (1995) states that triggers are bump factors that cause asthma exacerbations by inducing inflammation or provoking bronchio-constriction. This report withal describes the main triggers as allergens, air pollutants, respiratory infections, exercise and hyperventilation, weather changes, allergies to foods, additives and drugs, and emotional stress.For example it is well established that viral respiratory infections can exacerbate asthma, peculiarly in children under the age of 10. (Busse, 1993) Because the triggers whitethorn vary from person to person and from time to time , it is important to take the sufferers natural history into account and identify each individuals triggers. in that respectfore, an individuals identified trigger can recoil the sufferers ability to function normally. For example an asthmatic child may try to avoid exercise for charge that it may trigger an asthmatic attack. This may in turn limit the sufferers physiological development over the long term and hence further contribute to the problem. (Global Strategy, 1995)Some psychological and social problems can besides be considered as a consequence of the interaction with physiological limitations. The Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention (1995) states that asthma is a chronic distemper that can place capacious restrictions on the physical, emotional, and social aspects of the represents of patients and may halt an impact on their careers. Chronic asthma sufferers cause to live with the need for interposition and with the limitations that having asthm a places on their everyday lives. It is in this context that the asthmatics life areas are most likely to be handicapped.In general, the chronic asthmatics action at law choices are particularly handicapped. . especially physical reading. Exercise incites airflow limitation in most children and young adults who have asthma. Exercise appears to be a specific stimulus for people with asthma because it seldom leads to airflow limitation in people without asthma. (Global Strategy, 1995) More specifically sports where uphold effort is needed over a considerable period (eg long distance running) are not recommended.From a psychological point of view, the development of a positive sense of self (ie self-esteem) can be adversely affected by asthma. In one take in, nearly 41 percent of parents of children with asthma verbalise that asthma caused their children to feel self-pity. These children overly were arrange to have low self-esteem as well as poor relationships with their peers. (Charmaz, 1983)For an adult, occupation and social life may be handicapped. A comparative study from Edinburgh (1996) between asthmatics and people with other forms of physical disability were put together to have similar levels of anxiety or neuroticism. It was found most asthmatics exhibited varying levels of anxiety in relation to their beliefs and, in particular, their constant fear of another attack and anxiety over school and work prospects. (Lane, 1996).Similarly, fear also plays a predominant social occasion in children who suffer from asthma. with one in four Victorian children fearing not being able to hap as a result of asthma (King, 1988). Furthermore, the relationship between asthma and emotional andor severe behavior problems is documented in a 1995 study by R,Bussing et al. In particular they tend to suffer from limited school functioning, inability to attend school and need for special school or special classes.In Australia, school loss caused by asthma accounted for approximately 965,000 days annually. (Aust Bureau Statistics, 1991) In particular poor academic performance and greater risk to larn difficulties were found to be the greatest cast out consequences. (Fowler, 1992)The asthma sufferer can have a limited choice of occupations, because they are exposed to an increasingly orotund number of potential irritants in their working lives. In particular if specific allergies are known to exist then an occupation that exposes them to the allergens must be avoided. For instance, those highly sensitive to pollen should not become gardeners or those who have recurrent brusqueness of breath, should not become marine biologists. (Lane, 1996)3. What can an individual do to prevent the occurrence of inessential as asthma attacks, or to asperse the seriousness of those that do occur?In 1989 an Australian Asthma centering (AMP) plan was set up as a guideline for health professionals. The guideline was set up as a common consensus among heal th experts to help tackle the irregular diagnosis and manipulation of asthma. More particularly, to help combat the increase of asthma bring on admissions to hospitals due the occurrence of unnecessary asthma attacks. This report outlined 6 important go to aid the doctor and the sufferer as to the basis of good asthma management.They include (1) Assess the severity of asthma (2) achieve best lung function (3) prevent best lung function by identifying and avoiding triggers (4) contain best lung function with optimal medication (5) develop an action plan and (6) educate and review regularly. (Woolcock, 1989) Current inquiry by Beilby (1997) highlighted that having an action plan can play a vital mapping in preventing hospital admissions and death from asthma. An asthma action plan is a co-ordinated method of management that covers all aspects a persons asthma medication, triggers factors, lung function measurements, etc.To ensure greater adherence, both the patient and the doc tor should forgather out an asthma management map together. It encourages self management and focuses on the importance of identifying the main trigger factors and monitoring the pattern signs of an asthma attack. Essentially this involves a regular go off on airway function by the use of a lift flow meter and the additional measurement of lung capacity twice a day those with severe asthma. apply of symptomatic (quick working) medication such the bronchodilator ventolin aerosol type to maintain best lung function, is recommended to reduce the seriousness of an acute attack. Doctors prescribe load medication such as Intal (sodium cromogylcate), anti-allergy injections and inhaled steroids for people who have severe asthma. Long term use of preventative medicine is used in conjunction with bronchodilators. after several months on preventative medicine, asthmatics go steady they are able to reduce their use of bronchodilators dramatically. (Prendergast, 1991)Identifying trigger factors such as allergens, infection, exercise, weather changes and emotional stress is also important. The use of a bronchodilator or Intal, forwards being exposed to an identified trigger factor, can reduce the likelihood of an asthmatic reaction. The asthma management chart also describes what to do if following warning signs are observed (1) the bronchodilator doesnt bring expected relief, (2) a decrease in the peak expiratory flow, (3) increase breathlessness and variation in peak flow rates during the day, (4) more frequent wheezing and a persistent dry cough and (4) disturbed sleep. (Prendergast, 1991)Asthmatics who live in highly polluted areas and are surrounded by electrical appliances, high tech equipment and power lines can benefit from air ionisers and a purifiers.Individuals can also prescribe to alternative intercession (for instance the Buteyko method), various breathing exercises, physical exercise (such as swimming), a healthy diet, and natural remedies such a homeopathic and acupuncture. It has been found that these treatments should complement Orthodox medication and also help reduce the reliance on it.Roberts (1996) suggest that there is evidence that the Buteyko method is effective in treating chronic asthma. Devised by professor Beteyko of Siberia, this program consists of specific relaxation techniques and shallow breathing to correct breathlessness and wheezing.For those who are prone to exercise induced asthma choosing the right type of exercise is important particularly choosing a sport that requires longer and slower breathing and/or short bursts of effort. Examples include gymnastics, play and basketball. Swimming with its controlled breathing pattern is also recommended as it promotes chest development, flexibility and, therefore better breathing. (Roberts, 1996)There has been extensive look for into new drug treatments of asthma by pharmaceutical companies and universities over the last 20 courses. One such new effective drug to emerge is a Leukotiene receptor antagonists (LTRA). It was recently introduced into Australia this year and the USA 3 years ago. In people with asthma, leukotrienes play a key role in causing the inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucous production that lead to coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. LTRAs prevent leukotrienes from attaching to the proinflammatory receptors on circulating and lung cells, which contribute to asthma symptoms. Leukotriene research is the direct result of a Nobel Prize-winning discovery made by scientist Beng Samuelsson in 1979. (Lipworth, 1999) However, there needs to be further research into the efficacy and its side effects.4. How effective are the educational programs undertaken by organizations such as Asthma Victoria?Current statistics indicate that there has been a reduction of asthma mortality and morbidity in Australia over the past 10 years. The fall in deaths from 964 in 1989 to 715 in 1997 may indicate that some of Australi as strategies for asthma management have been successful. (NAC, 1998)The Australian Asthma Management Program provides a systematic and methodical approach to asthma care. Nevertheless, it was not suppose as an evidence found document. This means that its recommendations (devised in 1989) were not based on systematic reviews or had been ranked according to the strength supporting them. However, today there have been a number of studies reviewing the effectiveness of the AMP. One such report by the discipline Asthma run for (1999), commented on the crucial role of education in improving the management of asthma rather than the token gesture of handing over a booklet at the end of a patient consultation. This was in relation to the 6th step educate and review regularly and highlights the importance of education programs undertaken by organizations such as the Australian National Asthma Campaign, Asthma Victoria, the Thoracic society of Australia and New Zealand and other relevan t educators.The 1990 and 1993 national surveys of 22,000 adults and 16,000 children conducted by the National Asthma Campaign (NAC) showed improved asthma management practices in the three year period. Although the changes are not necessary the direct result of the National Asthma Campaign, it is considered to be reproducible with the campaign and other agencies having been successful in promoting awareness and optimal management of asthma. (Comino, 1996) One of the goals of the NAC was to reduce the reliance on daily medication and hence increase the use of preventative therapy (such as inhaled corcosteroids) for patients with carry or severe asthma together with write action plans based on symptom severity and measurements of lung function.Use of preventative medication was found to have increased among both children and adults. The study highlighted also that there was a significant decline in the use of daily inhaled bronchodilator drugs among children and also inappropriate medications such as antibiotics and oral prescriptions. In addition this study also showed that in 1993 survey, doctors measured lung function significantly more lots than in 1990 with similar increases observed in the use of peak flow meters and written action plans. (Comino, 1996)These results suggest that the Australian Asthma Management Programs are relatively effective. However, the study also points to the fact that limitations unflustered exist. In particular there is a privation of communication and joint management strategies between specialists and GPs, hospitals and the union whilst the use of action plans still has considerable room for further improvement.Nonetheless, not all studies on education programs show positive conclusions. A British research paper Greenwich Asthma Study of 1291 asthmatics conducted in 1993 and 1996 found that their model of service delivery was not effective in improving the outcome of asthma in the community. The intervention program used was based on the British Thoracic Societys guidelines and was conducted by specialist nurses in community based settings. There were similarities in the methodology and intervention measurement. However, they reason out that no evidence was found for an improvement in asthma related quality of life among newly surveyed patients in intervention practices compared with control practices. (Premaratne, 1999)Altogether this highlights that the variableness of the asthma educational programs undertaken by various major organisations make it difficult to comparatively evaluate.A comprehensive founding wide study, Objectives, methods and content of patient education programs for adults with asthma systematic review of studies published between 1979 and 1998 found that there was great difficulty in identifying the most effective components of asthma educational programs. The main reason cited was that education programs for adults with asthma vary widely. Most reports did not specify the general (56%) and educational objectives (60%) of the intervention. Important cultivation characteristics were often not available continuation of education (45%) and number of sessions (22%), who delivered education (15%), whether training was conducted in groups or was individualised (28%). (Sudre, 1999) Such variability suggests a lack of consensus on what educational components actually work. With scrimpy documentation of asthma education programs for adults, replication is limited.In conclusion there is some evidence to suggest that written treatment management plans are most effective in improving the quality of life for people with asthma. In the Australian context the National Asthma Campaign has clearly documented program goals. However, the limitations lie in its lack of empirical evidence. In addition the reliability of the research documents in general has been brought into promontory by the Sudre (1999) study. Therefore it is difficult to licence the most effective management plan for asthma sufferers.This issue is currently being addressed by the National Asthma Campaign and the Asthma Foundation of Victoria. The Asthma foundation is currently conducting a study into the effectiveness of their schools based program. Hopefully, this and other studies will help fill the gap associated with the effectiveness of asthma education programs. And hence secure the continuation and development of asthma education in the community.Limitations From Suffering Chronic AsthmaOne of the major public health problems facing Australia today is Asthma. It is disturbing that there has been an apparent increase in its prevalence and severity, and increased rates of hospital admissions. (E.J.Comino, 1996) For the diagnosed patient, the degree to which he or she suffers is related to severity of the condition, compliance with recommendations by medical experts, the immediate environment and the effectiveness of education programs.Like other major health problems, a sthma has varying degrees of symptoms. As such, the degree and frequency of the symptoms limits many aspects of the asthmatics life. To describe the main limitations suffered by those with chronic asthma, asthma must be defined.Asthma is a condition whereby the sufferer has difficulty breathing due to widespread narrowing of the airways of the lungs. This narrowing can be caused by a local inflammation of the air-ways, muscle contraction or the production of excess mucus with in bronchi. (R.Roberts, 1996) Most common is bronchial asthma. Medical definitions of asthma suggest that environmental triggers can substantially contribute to the occurrence of an asthma attack. The review of asthma in Victoria (1988) by the Asthma Foundation of Victoria outlined infection, exercise, climatic conditions, exposure to airborne irritants and emotional upsets as the main trigger factors.However, doctors use a general classification to identify a patients pattern of asthmaclassifying people who ex perience some symptoms of asthma on most days as having a chronic asthma condition. The classification system also extends to the categories of children, occupational asthma and asthma in later life. Usually regular medication is required to keep the lungs functioning as normally as possible. Some chronic asthmatics have severe symptoms over a long period of time and may require long term or indefinite medication to be able to lead a normal life. (Lane, 1996)The most obvious limitations suffered relate to the asthmatics physiological dysfunction. However, physiological dysfunction can in turn contribute to greater social and psychological limitations. This area is related more specifically to quality of life and morbidity and will be discussed further on. The main physiological limitation is related to the presence of the bronchial narrowing slowing the movement of air into and out of the lungs. Thus, there is difficulty both breathing in and out. Asthmatics commonly describe the fe eling tightness of the chest, congestion and wheezing. Although these symptoms can commonly occur in other chest diseases, in asthma it is a characteristic that can occur in an aggravated attack. This may be either brief episodes of chest tightness lasting a matter of minutes or a prolonged episode of wheezing lasting up to and hour, which can merge into a full blown attack of asthma. (D.J.Lane, 1996)Other physiological limitations relate to the sufferers sensitivity to known triggers factors and the consequential effect on their daily functioning. The Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention (1995) states that triggers are risk factors that cause asthma exacerbations by inducing inflammation or provoking bronchio-constriction. This report also describes the main triggers as allergens, air pollutants, respiratory infections, exercise and hyperventilation, weather changes, allergies to foods, additives and drugs, and emotional stress.For example it is well established th at viral respiratory infections can exacerbate asthma, especially in children under the age of 10. (Busse, 1993) Because the triggers may vary from person to person and from time to time, it is important to take the sufferers natural history into account and identify each individuals triggers. Therefore, an individuals identified trigger can restrict the sufferers ability to function normally. For example an asthmatic child may try to avoid exercise for fear that it may trigger an asthmatic attack. This may in turn limit the sufferers physiological development over the long term and hence further contribute to the problem. (Global Strategy, 1995)Some psychological and social problems can also be considered as a consequence of the interaction with physiological limitations. The Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention (1995) states that asthma is a chronic disorder that can place considerable restrictions on the physical, emotional, and social aspects of the lives of pat ients and may have an impact on their careers. Chronic asthma sufferers have to live with the need for treatment and with the limitations that having asthma places on their everyday lives. It is in this context that the asthmatics life areas are most likely to be handicapped.In general, the chronic asthmatics activity choices are particularly handicapped. . especially physical education. Exercise incites airflow limitation in most children and young adults who have asthma. Exercise appears to be a specific stimulus for people with asthma because it seldom leads to airflow limitation in people without asthma. (Global Strategy, 1995) More specifically sports where sustained effort is needed over a considerable period (eg long distance running) are not recommended.From a psychological point of view, the development of a positive sense of self (ie self-esteem) can be adversely affected by asthma. In one study, nearly 41 percent of parents of children with asthma said that asthma caused their children to feel self-pity. These children also were found to have low self-esteem as well as poor relationships with their peers. (Charmaz, 1983)For an adult, occupation and social life may be handicapped. A comparative study from Edinburgh (1996) between asthmatics and people with other forms of physical disability were found to have similar levels of anxiety or neuroticism. It was found most asthmatics exhibited varying levels of anxiety in relation to their beliefs and, in particular, their constant fear of another attack and anxiety over school and work prospects. (Lane, 1996).Similarly, fear also plays a predominant role in children who suffer from asthma. with one in four Victorian children fearing not being able to breathe as a result of asthma (King, 1988). Furthermore, the relationship between asthma and emotional andor severe behavior problems is documented in a 1995 study by R,Bussing et al. In particular they tend to suffer from limited school functioning, inabili ty to attend school and need for special school or special classes.In Australia, school loss caused by asthma accounted for approximately 965,000 days annually. (Aust Bureau Statistics, 1991) In particular poor academic performance and greater risk to learning difficulties were found to be the greatest negative consequences. (Fowler, 1992)The asthma sufferer can have a limited choice of occupations, because they are exposed to an increasingly large number of potential irritants in their working lives. In particular if specific allergies are known to exist then an occupation that exposes them to the allergens must be avoided. For instance, those sensitive to pollen should not become gardeners or those who have recurrent shortness of breath, should not become marine biologists. (Lane, 1996)3. What can an individual do to prevent the occurrence of unnecessary as asthma attacks, or to minimize the seriousness of those that do occur?In 1989 an Australian Asthma management (AMP) plan was set up as a guideline for health professionals. The guideline was set up as a common consensus among health experts to help tackle the irregular diagnosis and treatment of asthma. More particularly, to help combat the increase of asthma induced admissions to hospitals due the occurrence of unnecessary asthma attacks. This report outlined 6 important steps to aid the doctor and the sufferer as to the basis of good asthma management.They include (1) Assess the severity of asthma (2) achieve best lung function (3) maintain best lung function by identifying and avoiding triggers (4) maintain best lung function with optimal medication (5) develop an action plan and (6) educate and review regularly. (Woolcock, 1989) Current research by Beilby (1997) highlighted that having an action plan can play a vital role in preventing hospital admissions and death from asthma. An asthma action plan is a co-ordinated method of management that covers all aspects a persons asthma medication, triggers f actors, lung function measurements, etc.To ensure greater adherence, both the patient and the doctor should fill out an asthma management chart together. It encourages self management and focuses on the importance of identifying the main trigger factors and monitoring the warning signs of an asthma attack. Essentially this involves a regular check on airway function by the use of a peak flow meter and the additional measurement of lung capacity twice a day those with severe asthma. Use of symptomatic (quick working) medication such the bronchodilator ventolin aerosol type to maintain best lung function, is recommended to reduce the seriousness of an acute attack. Doctors prescribe preventative medication such as Intal (sodium cromogylcate), anti-allergy injections and inhaled steroids for people who have severe asthma. Long term use of preventative medicine is used in conjunction with bronchodilators. After several months on preventative medicine, asthmatics find they are able to re duce their use of bronchodilators dramatically. (Prendergast, 1991)Identifying trigger factors such as allergens, infection, exercise, weather changes and emotional stress is also important. The use of a bronchodilator or Intal, before being exposed to an identified trigger factor, can reduce the likelihood of an asthmatic reaction. The asthma management chart also describes what to do if following warning signs are observed (1) the bronchodilator doesnt bring expected relief, (2) a decrease in the peak expiratory flow, (3) Increased breathlessness and variation in peak flow rates during the day, (4) more frequent wheezing and a persistent dry cough and (4) disturbed sleep. (Prendergast, 1991)Asthmatics who live in highly polluted areas and are surrounded by electrical appliances, high tech equipment and power lines can benefit from air ionisers and a purifiers.Individuals can also prescribe to alternative treatment (for instance the Buteyko method), various breathing exercises, ph ysical exercise (such as swimming), a healthy diet, and natural remedies such a homeopathic and acupuncture. It has been found that these treatments should complement orthodox medication and also help reduce the reliance on it.Roberts (1996) suggest that there is evidence that the Buteyko method is effective in treating chronic asthma. Devised by professor Beteyko of Siberia, this program consists of specific relaxation techniques and shallow breathing to correct breathlessness and wheezing.For those who are prone to exercise induced asthma choosing the right type of exercise is important particularly choosing a sport that requires longer and slower breathing and/or short bursts of effort. Examples include gymnastics, cricket and basketball. Swimming with its controlled breathing pattern is also recommended as it promotes chest development, flexibility and, therefore better breathing. (Roberts, 1996)There has been extensive research into new drug treatments of asthma by pharmaceuti cal companies and universities over the last 20 years. One such new effective drug to emerge is a Leukotiene receptor antagonists (LTRA). It was recently introduced into Australia this year and the USA 3 years ago. In people with asthma, leukotrienes play a key role in causing the inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucous production that lead to coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. LTRAs prevent leukotrienes from attaching to the proinflammatory receptors on circulating and lung cells, which contribute to asthma symptoms. Leukotriene research is the direct result of a Nobel Prize-winning discovery made by scientist Beng Samuelsson in 1979. (Lipworth, 1999) However, there needs to be further research into the efficacy and its side effects.4. How effective are the educational programs undertaken by organizations such as Asthma Victoria?Current statistics indicate that there has been a reduction of asthma mortality and morbidity in Australia over the past 10 years. The fall in deaths from 964 in 1989 to 715 in 1997 may indicate that some of Australias strategies for asthma management have been successful. (NAC, 1998)The Australian Asthma Management Program provides a systematic and methodical approach to asthma care. Nevertheless, it was not formulated as an evidence based document. This means that its recommendations (devised in 1989) were not based on systematic reviews or had been ranked according to the strength supporting them. However, today there have been a number of studies reviewing the effectiveness of the AMP. One such report by the National Asthma Campaign (1999), commented on the crucial role of education in improving the management of asthma rather than the token gesture of handing over a leaflet at the end of a patient consultation. This was in relation to the 6th step educate and review regularly and highlights the importance of education programs undertaken by organizations such as the Australian National Asthma Campaign, Asthma Vic toria, the Thoracic society of Australia and New Zealand and other relevant educators.The 1990 and 1993 national surveys of 22,000 adults and 16,000 children conducted by the National Asthma Campaign (NAC) showed improved asthma management practices in the three year period. Although the changes are not necessary the direct result of the National Asthma Campaign, it is considered to be consistent with the campaign and other agencies having been successful in promoting awareness and optimal management of asthma. (Comino, 1996) One of the goals of the NAC was to reduce the reliance on daily medication and hence increase the use of preventative therapy (such as inhaled corcosteroids) for patients with moderate or severe asthma together with written action plans based on symptom severity and measurements of lung function.Use of preventative medication was found to have increased among both children and adults. The study highlighted also that there was a significant decline in the use of daily inhaled bronchodilator drugs among children and also inappropriate medications such as antibiotics and oral prescriptions. In addition this study also showed that in 1993 survey, doctors measured lung function significantly more often than in 1990 with similar increases observed in the use of peak flow meters and written action plans. (Comino, 1996)These results suggest that the Australian Asthma Management Programs are relatively effective. However, the study also points to the fact that limitations still exist. In particular there is a lack of communication and joint management strategies between specialists and GPs, hospitals and the community whilst the use of action plans still has considerable room for further improvement.Nonetheless, not all studies on education programs show positive conclusions. A British research paper Greenwich Asthma Study of 1291 asthmatics conducted in 1993 and 1996 found that their model of service delivery was not effective in improving the ou tcome of asthma in the community. The intervention program used was based on the British Thoracic Societys guidelines and was conducted by specialist nurses in community based settings. There were similarities in the methodology and intervention measurement. However, they concluded that no evidence was found for an improvement in asthma related quality of life among newly surveyed patients in intervention practices compared with control practices. (Premaratne, 1999)Altogether this highlights that the variability of the asthma educational programs undertaken by various major organisations make it difficult to comparatively evaluate.A comprehensive world wide study, Objectives, methods and content of patient education programs for adults with asthma systematic review of studies published between 1979 and 1998 found that there was great difficulty in identifying the most effective components of asthma educational programs. The main reason cited was that education programs for adults wi th asthma vary widely. Most reports did not specify the general (56%) and educational objectives (60%) of the intervention. Important training characteristics were often not available duration of education (45%) and number of sessions (22%), who delivered education (15%), whether training was conducted in groups or was individualised (28%). (Sudre, 1999) Such variability suggests a lack of consensus on what educational components actually work. With insufficient documentation of asthma education programs for adults, replication is limited.In conclusion there is some evidence to suggest that written treatment management plans are most effective in improving the quality of life for people with asthma. In the Australian context the National Asthma Campaign has clearly documented program goals. However, the limitations lie in its lack of empirical evidence. In addition the reliability of the research documents in general has been brought into question by the Sudre (1999) study. Therefor e it is difficult to demonstrate the most effective management plan for asthma sufferers.This issue is currently being addressed by the National Asthma Campaign and the Asthma Foundation of Victoria. The Asthma foundation is currently conducting a study into the effectiveness of their schools based program. Hopefully, this and other studies will help fill the gap associated with the effectiveness of asthma education programs. And hence secure the continuation and development of asthma education in the community.

Shangri-La Hotels and Landmarks Berhad (Malaysia)

For the hospitality industry, the amount revenue they earn through their continued operations within course of instruction 2007 to year 2009 increased in year 2008 and then decline in year 2009. The reason revenue decline in year 2009 is probably is the aspect effect of the bad frugality during end of year 2008. For Landmarks Berhad, their business decline for three years continuously. This shows that their management level is not done their job perfectly.The average revenue for year 2008 should be higher than the previous year this is happened on the Shangri-La Hotels barely not on Landmarks Berhad. They could use the bad situation of our economy as the main reason for the decline in revenue for year 2009 but not for year 2008. Besides that, when we look at the average fluidness of hospitality industry, their average should be around 1. 5 or less since the largest inventories held by a hotel are in the form of guest rooms, and these are include under property, plant and equipm ent which is a part of fixed assets.Therefore hotels can operate with a liquidity ratio less than 1. 5. Creditors might prefer to secure a high ratio of current assets to liabilities since it provides a positive indicator of that particular associations capability to repay its debt obligations. However for the owner of the company in hospitality industry, a high ratio in liquidity may indicate that more money is being tied up in working capital and is not used nicely.Generally the owner of a hotel company will try to maintain the current ratio which is at the grateful to ownership and creditors. Furthermore, when we look at the activity ratio, Landmarks berhads average collection period and average payment period is much higher than Shangri-La Hotels and the armory turnover ratio shows that Landmarks is not being used their total asset effectively. These show that the risk taking by the company operation is higher as well.May be we cant deny that the earnings of Landmarks Berhad in year 2007 is very higher compare to the average revenue of Shangri-La Hotels, but majority of the earnings of Landmarks Berhad in year 2007 were earned by sold their current asset (total asset held for sale) from discontinued operations. The average revenue of Landmarks Berhad gained from sale was very much lower than the average compared to the Shangri-La Hotels. This shows that their return is very unstable compared to the Shangri-La Hotels. Thus, we could suggest that Shangri-La Hotels (M) Berhad is the best company compared to Landmarks Berhad.

Communication and Social Work Essay

This audition will identify and discuss key talk skills in the context of social work practice. The importance of communication skills will be acknowledged by talking about three different skills of communication. The subjects discussed will be non-verbal communication, effective comprehend and questions, what these skills argon and why they are heavy. It is essential for a professional social worker to hold effective communicative skills as bingle will encounter people from all different walks of life and the aim to treat a dish up user as an individual and en equal to(p) authorization is paramount to meeting a persons needs. There is also the need to communicate effectively with colleagues, agencies, professional bodies and the accuracy of ones communication is essential if the possibility of appearing in court was to be encountered. Communication within social work practise is essential in the way of addressing a persons needs to enable improvement on ones quality of life. Effective communication can build trust, respect and egotism esteem and this can help a service user to becoming more independent.Good communication skills can also create psychological refuge and aid a person to retain and establish links with friends, family and society. (Moonie, 2000). Buggins, Cornwall and Cunnane discuss that psychological safety is created in leadership so staff are able to discuss and raise issues that are of concern without fear (2013). Transferring this to the context of a social worker and a service user can enable the service user to engage in a more open conversation with a feeling that one is be viewed as trying to rectify mistakes kinda of existence seen as incompetent. There are different elements of communication and a distinct part is non-verbal communication, such as body language, how one dresses, timekeeping for example being too early or too late, touch, distance between people, eye contact and face expression. (Cooper, Lymbery, Ruch and Wi lson 2011) Face to face contact with service users who are rocky of hearing is particular important in reading ones expression of the face or lip reading. Also in this instance sitting closer and the use of touch may be useful and necessary to visually impaired people.On the contrary though as stated by Koprowska (2008) people with autism find face to face contact difficult and may not be able to judge expressions on a face and this may seem strange if it is unfamiliar to a person until some other way of contact is found. Another important part of communication is effective listening. As Rayudu (2010) puts forward,effective listening is not an attribute that one is born with, but a skill that is learned with practice, experience and training. A guideline for effective listening is paraphrasing which is when the attendant repeats what a person has said in ones own words. The importance of this is to keep control over listening and ensuring accuracy. An equally important skill whe n effectively listening is mirroring, referred to in a training paper developed for the government, National Park Service (2011) which helps build empathy and trust. Mirroring is when a persons verbal and non verbal actions are matched subtly. This can make the speaker unconsciously like the listener as the speaker thinks that there are similarities between the listener and the speaker and that the listener is in touch with who they are.Listening skills come in to play when asking questions and the many types of questions that are asked are very helpful to retrieving info from a service user. Another aspect in order for the questioning to work is that a person must show that one is interested in the answer which is why effective listening as referred to earlier plays a big part. Trevithick (2005) There are different types of questions such as open questions, unappealing questions and leading questions or maybe the non use of leading questions. Although these questions can be helpf ul they can result in putting words in to a persons mouth. Open questions result in broad answers and can result in an in-depth expression of thoughts, feelings and opinions and can be left up to the respondent as to how to answer the question. Hargie (2006). These questions encourage service users to talk more in-depth or deeply about any concerns. Opposed to the open ended questions there are closed questions which usually result in one word answers being given. These questions can be good for retrieving very specific entropy.Although these questions should be used carefully as stated in scie (2008) the service user may want to expand on an answer but maybe unsure of how to interrupt. It also limits information and may not give answers to information compulsory in order to learn about the service user. On discussing the different skills on communication this essay has shown why each skill is important when communicating with a service user or professional body. For a person to feel that they are being listened to and that what one says is not being judged or seem inept is paramount to realising concerns and not missing information. The skills are acquired through training and experience and are needed to get the fullestand most accurate picture.ReferencesBuggins, E, Cornwall, J and Cunane, D.(2013). Create a culture of psychological safety. Health Service Journal. Issue 8th January. Retrieved from http//www.hsj.co.uk/resource-centre/leadership/create-a-culture-of-psychological-safety/5052550.article.Um5qk3CG4-o Cooper, A, Lymbery, M, Ruch, G and Wilson, K. (2011). Social Work An Introduction to Contemporary Practice. (2nd ed). Essex. Pearson Education Ltd Hargie, O. (2006). The Handbook of Communication Skills. (3rd ed). London. Routledge Koprowska, J. (2008). Communication Skills and Interpersonal skills in social work.(2nd ed). Exeter. Learning Matters Ltd. Moonie, N. (2000). Health and Social Care.(3rd ed).Oxford. Heinemann educational Publishers. Nat ional Park Service. (2011). Advanced Communication Skills Building and Maintaing Trust Module II, Part 2 Cohort B Consulting Skills Curriculum for HR Specialists. Retrieved from http//www.nps.gov/training/tel/Guides/Adv_Comm_Skills_Trust_Mod2_CB_Part2.pdf Rayudu,C,S. (2010). Communication. Mumbia, IND. world-wide Media Scie. (2008). elearning Communication Skills, Gathering information. Retrieved at http//www.scie.org.uk/assets/elearning/communicationskills/cs04/resource/index.html Trevithick, P. (2005).Social Work Skills. (2nd ed). Berkshire. McGraw-Hill

Influences on F. Scott Fitzgeralds’ writing in The Great Gatsby Essay

The Roaring Twenties was a period of frivolous days and exciting nights. Times were prosperous and smell was good for just ab unwrap. In The cracking Gatsby, published in 1925, F. Scott Fitzgerald writes about the fictitious life of Jay Gatsby, a self-made millionaire (Gross 1). The setting of the novel is New York in the twenties, a time, and place, where commonwealth were jovial and carefree. In New York, more than anywhere, people did non worry about lifes d declares, that focused on the highlife and partying. Prohibition made partying difficult, but it prevailed n nonpareiltheless. In the novel, Fitzgeralds description of humans was of an appalling nature. He shows them as careless, greedy, and inconsiderate a lot like they truly were in this decade. Inevitably he would m otherwise involved in some type of lackadaisical ways. Fitzgeralds writings were significantly influenced by these surroundings. In The spacious Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgeralds writing was deeply influence d by events in his life, the exciting times he lived in, and the people he knew.Born on September 24, 1986 to a wealthy merchant family, Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald showed signs of an symbolical writing ability (Dyson, 1380). As a small boy, Fitzgerald began writing down his thoughts and ideas. He frequently wrote about his life.While in school, Fitzgerald was very self-criticizing and did not beat many an(prenominal) friends. He was not very popular at school, although he greatly precious to be. Just like Fitzgerald, Gatsby did not like who he was, so he decided to change himself. In the novel, Gatsby has a list of things he wants to change about himself. He called them his General Resolves and they were No wasting time at Sh aft(prenominal)s, no more smoking or chewing, bath every other day, read one improving book or magazine per week, save $3.00 per week, and be better to his parents (Fitzgerald 182). As Fitzgerald grew, so did his placement towards life. He kept writing. F itzgerald attended Princeton, but quit go aroundly after he began (Young Adult Authors 58). Fitzgerald, like Gatsby, wanted to live and adventure. Soon after the war started, Fitzgerald signed up hoping to have the adventure of his life. He only got as far as the coastline. Fitzgerald, unlike Gatsby was not sent to the war, so he married Zelda Sayre (Hickey 345).In The Great Gatsby, Gatsby lost his lovebecause he had to fight in the war. Fitzgerald was writing in comparison to his own life, or what might have been if he had been sent off to fight in the war. Since Fitzgerald was not sent to war, and he had to make a living somehow, he began writing for small papers. He and Zelda settled down and had children. His life was now beginning to feel right. In 1922, Fitzgerald came upon the idea for The Great Gatsby. Shortly after his reach in France, Fitzgerald completed the most brilliant novel he would ever write. Richard Lehan said, Fitzgerald was in position to write a master work l ike The Great Gatsby everything in his life had been building toward this moment (Lehan 2). Fitzgeralds life, like Gatsbys, had be cause a series of exciting parties and rich lifestyles. Barry Gross describe Fitzgeralds life like thisFitzgerald was conscious about his social position because his parents had a hard time coming up with money for support. He was always trying to sham people by his estate. His parents were not that wealthy either, so he took his own route to achieve happiness. (Gross 18)In the 1920s, the paparazzi were aware of his eccentric lifestyle. Gatsbys life was plainly as daring and glamorous as his. Fitzgerald did some illegal activities such as drinking, and forging bonds. Gatsby was also involved in bond forgery and ban rebellions. For Fitzgerald, life was better than it had ever been, but to his great dismay it would not last. The key reality in his life was that between his twenty-eighth and thirty-fourth year, he wasnt able to write a new novel. Fitzger ald began drinking and stopped writing. His wife Zelda began having serious mental problems, which dramatically affected Fitzgerald. He very much loved his wife, just as Gatsby loved Daisy. Fitzgerald was a dreamer. He though everything would turn out fine, just as Gatsby had, but he was wrong and had to revivify for it in the end.The roaring twenties was a time of parties, and socializing. Times were prosperous and people just wanted to enjoy themselves. Since the war was over, soldiers were back at home, operative and taking care of their families. There was a sense of rebellion in America at this time. The rich were lazyand slapdash, which, in The Great Gatsby, was portrayed by their very shoddy driving abilities. Times were excellent, for most, and people were beginning to just have a good time. Many people were so rich they had no need to work, so they had to occupy themselves with other things. Prohibition began in 1919 (Moss, Wilson 148). People did not like the idea though , so they started revolting the law. Gangsters would get liquor and other kinds of alcohol to people who wanted it, but for a price. In The Great Gatsby, Gatsby is involved in these illegal activities. Gatsby always had alcohol at his parties. His wealth gave him things that mankind people couldnt have.He invited hundreds of guests to his parties, and most of them got extremely intoxicated before the night was over. The female crowds at Gatsbys parties show how women really dressed and acted in the twenties. Bobbed hair, short dresses, bright red lipstick, and long strands of pearls with a knot tied in them were female fads of the elite citizens. Jordan Baker personified women of the 1920s with her independent and proud attitude towards life (Moss, Wilson 147). Independence was a major influence in the twenties, not just for women, but for men also. The American dream had three key parts. The prototypal was that America was a new Eden with endless opportunity. The second idea was that everyone born in America should expect life to get better and better. The last, and most important, was to be an independent, self-reliant individual and you would triumph over all.In the conclusion of The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald connects Gatsbys dream, his platonic conception of himself with the American Dream (Mizener 2). Gatsby believed that everything would work out fine, and that he would get Daisy soon enough. Gatsbys dreams were never realized though. He never ran off with Daisy, and he was killed by mistaken identity. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald shows how the American dream faded out during the later part of the decade. The valley of ashes,= where Myrtle lived played an important role in explaining this to the readers. Dr. J. T. Eckleburgs eyes faded absent as the novel went on, symbolizing the debasement of the American Dream.In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald makes several allusions to how he came up with the characters. Fitzgerald shows, in many ways, ho w he modeled Gatsby after his own life and the things that happened to him. Gatsby and Fitzgerald both wanted to be something different. Fitzgerald had a hard timemaking friends while he was a child. When he began writing and get recognition, his life changed. He was a partier, and had a wild lifestyle. Gatsby, like Fitzgerald, wanted to be someone different. He changed his name from James Gatz to Jay Gatsby. As Gatsby was a bootlegger and bond forger, so was Fitzgerald, though he was not as into it as Gatsby might have been. Fitzgeralds wife Zelda and Gatsbys love Daisy share many qualities also. Fitzgerald portrays Daisy as white in the novel, suggesting that is a faade for who she truly is. The white she wears gives her a nave and innocent appearance, but her impolite actions seem to prove otherwise. Fitzgerald described Daisy as the girl whose disembodied face floated along the dark corners and blinding signs (Moss, Wilson 150).The cover artwork of the novel shows an illustrati on of this idea. The floating relates that Gatsby always had Daisy floating in his mind, as well as Fitzgerald had Zelda floating in his. Both Zelda and Daisy were beautiful and demanded great things from their suitors. Another person that relates to one of Fitzgeralds characters was a man named Arnold Rothstein. In The Great Gatsby, Gatsby told Nick that Meyer Wolfshiem, a man Gatsby introduced to him, was the one who set up the World Series in 1919. Rothstein was said to have fixed the 1919 World Series. Arnold Rothstein placed bets to lose the series, and since they were playing against Cincinnati, they were going to win (Moss, Wilson 149).Jordan Baker, a tennis player that Nick fell in love with, relates to the whole of women in the twenties. She was loud, pushy, flashy, and had very short hair. In the 1920s, women discarded their old ways of life. They were no longer proper and silent. Women in the twenties were showy and loud. They wore short skirts and short hair. They smoke d cigarettes in public and spit on the ground. Jordan Baker was the independent women of the 1920s personified.The Great Gatsby is tragedy of wealth, love, and frivolous pleasures. F. Scott Fitzgerald expressed most of what actually happened in the 1920s in this one novel. The illegal bootlegging, changing women, and happy times of the twenties are all described. Because Fitzgerald was alive in the twenties, he was able to live what he wrote about. He had face-to-face experience with bootlegging and ostentatious women. Fitzgeralds life events also helped him write The Great Gatsby. His wanting to be different helpedhim come up with the character Gatsby. Zelda, his wife, helped him come up with Daisy Buchanan, and people around him helped him shape other characters. In The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgeralds writing was profoundly influenced by dealings in his life, the exciting decade, and people he was around.

The Effect of Communication Theories in Business Introduction

The effect of communicating theories in business Introduction conference has existed since the beginning of human beings, but mass didnt acquit attention to it until the 20th century, especially into the 21st century along with the communion technologies development. Nowadays, there fall in many converse theories. Among of these theories, social discourse (IC) and organizational communication (OC) are the most(prenominal) comm plainly-used theories applied in business to help us scatter problems.IC, as a manakin of device that organizers usually use to draw with their employees, more emphasizes individuals interacting face-to-face than OC. It can help us understand how and why masses reckon and behave. However, IC is scantily defined in its own sweep of study, yet often occurs within other environment like organizations (Interpersonal communication, In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 2011). OC, as a sub landing field of communication, mainly looks at human communica tion within or among organizations, which is the most basic and central part in business management (Simon, 1998).It relates to the achievement of organizational goals and the formation of organizational culture. Meanwhile, OC is also the most common management behavior which is carried out under certain circumstance and is influenced by organizational culture. The behavior culture of enterprises determines the behavior characteristics and communication ways and styles of employees the fabric culture determines the condition of communication technology, communication mediums and channels of companies (Organizational Communication, In Baidu, The Free Encyclopedia, 2011 ).Interpersonal Communication and Organizational Communication in note In the process of actual application in business, OC is often considered as one field of IC and IC as one means of OC on the contrary. These two communication theories seemingly serve different objects, people versus organizations. Actually, indiv iduals are the common objects of communication. Communication scholars define OC different from IC, only because it always exists in an organization, and some cadences represents one department or one class. So we could see both of them usually work together in one organization.For example, the enterprise culture of command Electric (GE) Company soaringlights the people-oriented business philosophy. In GE Company, employees are given enough concern and respect, and are encouraged to express their opinions and display their creativity directly. This kind of outspoken communication style of GE take shapes managers gain more new ideas and opinions to impel company developing. Moreover, for the management coordination, the ex-CEO of GE, Jack Welch, came up with boundaryless concept in the field of organizational communication.GE Company would clear obstacles among all departments like engineering, production and marketing departments and halt information totally transparent and free accessible. Under the commission of such communication theories, GE could use internal information with the most efficiency and achieve the resources sharing on the largest extent (In Scientology bid Minister, 2009). In this case, we hardly tell which communication theory is applied in certain part, yet we easily find the two theories complement and serve each other.The application of communication theories in organization habituate to cope with internal problems Communication, as one kind of enterprises culture, has attracted more attention of companies and is treated as the key point of strategic management by leadership. The Three Withouts phenomenon Mr. Yu (2008) came up with in one speech, as the following, is the most direct and understandable explanation of the problems existed in organizations.Lack of Communication with Superiors. broadly speaking, there are many things managers have to think about so that they cannot lapse with employees efficiently in time (Shiwei Yu , 2008). At this time employees are vatical to propound actively to superiors, yet most of them have no courage to blab with superiors. There have two performances in this situation. The one performance is that people dare not or are not willing to channelize with superiors when they have good ideas, because either they are overconfident and have no delight any more after several negations by leaders, or they lack of confidence and are afraid of criticism.The other one is that individuals do not report to managers when they find potential problems existed in work. The reason can be concluded that people who are over-dependent on leadership always follow their leaders and have no question to them. Actually, whichever kind of employees is irresponsible for work. In fact, even though we are just the employees, we should consider issues in the sight of the enterprise quite an than individuals and queue up our attitude from responsible for leadership to responsible for enterprise .Lack of Communication amongst Departments. In the most companies, it has been the main problem that different departments hardly communicate sincerely with each other and have no sense of mutual support and positive cooperation (Shiwei Yu, 2008). To resolve the problem, enterprise should firstly review whether the department come in of it is reasonable, and then establish the relation mode of suppliers and customers among the all departments, consequently foster the sense of service for different department, so that employees can communicate with sincerity and make efforts together to achieve the goal of enterprise.Virtually, the whole process of resolution is the process of OP applying. Lack of Communication with Subordinates Superiors involved in other business seldom talk with employees, let alone instruct and advice their work, which is responsible for the phenomenon that increasing companies spend over one month in recruiting and training new staff, yet dont have one day to communicate with their employees(Shiwei Yu). The reason could be conclude as the following two sides Managers prefer enjoy the feel at high stand to communicate with employees personally.We have to acknowledge that there exist such managers who are arbitrary and hardly accept opinions from the inferiors. If they invariably ignore the subordinate advice and views, it would only discourage the enthusiasm and responsibility of staff. Certainly, there have a latent yet inevitable reason that managers are afraid of being transcended by the subordinate. In addition, it is also an important problem that superiors communicate with inferiors without skills. For the leadership, effective communication not only promotes work smoothly, but also helps to establish their go out.Furthermore, as the managers, they have rights and obligations to communicate with inferiors actively as well as know and develop capability and responsibility of employees, just like Toyota Motor Corporation CEO spends t wo thirds time in chatting with engineers and dealers, while the Boeing Company CEO invites the senior managers to grant their exciting stories, and the leadership of Ericsson helps employees make personal development plans every year (Communication Case Study, 2009). Use to cope with external problemsNowadays many companies have the experiences using communications theories to help themselves alleviate crisis and maintain their stable development. Facing crises from exterior factors, companies should first think about how to coordinate each department and communicate with consumers (Communication Theories, In MBAlib, The MBA Encyclopedia, 2010)? What we need to know is that consumers are inclined to the attitude companies express to event rather than the fact itself that is happened. Clients could forgive your mistakes, yet not accept your ignorance.So when the problems occurred, enterprises should first respond and express the determination to deal with them. That is to say, comm unication is the principal method to resolve problems. The Sudan I event KFC suffered is a wonderful example to support the statement. On March 15th 2005, all KFC outlets in China were found using verboten dye Sudan I, the cancer-causing colorant in the sauce of New Orleans roast chicken wings and chicken hamburgers. And then many consumers sued KFC and asked it for their injury compensation.As we know, KFC has been successful in China since it first stepped in the Chinese market in 1987 however this event made KFC loss a large number of customers in a short time. According to a hatful, the loss rate of clients of KFC raised to unprecedented 50% in over half stores. Facing a series of emergencies, KFC responded in first time, at that night of event exposure. All KFC outlets stopped selling New Orleans roast chicken wings and chicken hamburgers at the next day, destroyed all rest sauce and posted bulletins in all stores for apology. Each department was connected.Meanwhile, the man agers of KFC actively contacted with the victims and accounted for the event as well as the results of survey to eliminate doubts of the public. From the example, we could find the application of communication theories is used in every details of the process of event resolving. First of all, just because of the effective organizational communication taken, all departments and outlets could act in concert to calm the storm immediately. Furthermore, the manager even communicated with customers in person in order to express their apology and sincerity. So IC could be applied more among individuals to achieve what we want.How to ameliorate business communication As we all know, the effective communication between managers and employees depends on the negotiability and share of information in internal organization and is responsible for improving the work efficiency and enhancing decision scientificity and rationality. So how to ameliorate business communication ? The aspect of interpers onal communication 1. Adjust the attitude of communication Along with the information network and communication technology advancement in modern society, the ways of communication between individuals become more various and richer than ever before.On the surface, the connection is indeed increasingly frequent and intimate, yet what is the fact? Most communication has been driven by material benefits. So communicators in business should make much account of not only the process of systematized information communication, but the spiritual communication (HRoot, 2010). 2. take away to listen Tracey once suggested that the managers of human resource should spend 65% in listening, 25% in speaking and 10% in reading and writing (2006). thereof we could see the significance of listening for communication.More important, only by listening can we detect the others heart and logical thinking, communicate with them better and finally enter upon the objective. 3. Put emphases on nonverbal exp ression Nonverbal information includes expression, pronunciation and intonation, gesture and so on. Actually this kind of communication more easily touches people than language performance. So weather you send or receive messages, you should notice the power and effect of nonverbal expression. The aspect of organizational organization 1. Speech with confidence Speech is a quite fundamental and common part of OC.For most people, talking is considered as a normal activity, yet speech often make individuals nervous and overwhelmed. However, we often could be asked for speech in formal occasions, even though just several sentences. When we make a speech in a formal occasion, we should keep our speech tempo slow enough and volume loud enough to make ourselves heard by everyone. Meanwhile, we should realize that appropriate words, image and posture are helpful for people understanding (HRoot, 2010). 2. Organize effective conference Conference as one kind of formal communication is of the essence(p) part of OC.The elaborate plan and explicit theme are the primary guarantee to accomplish the goal of meeting. Moreover, when you chair a meeting, you should notice weather the melodic line is accustomed to listening or communicating, thereby mastering initiative in the activity of communication. Conclusion American famous futurist (1999), John Naisbitt, said The disputation of future is the competition of management. The focus of management competition lies in the effective communication among the staff of each social organization and the organizations themselves. This sentence simply and accurately points out the essentials and significance of IC and OC for enterprise management. From the above discussion about communication theories, we could see that communication has been an effective tool for modern management. Only done effective IC, the ideas and suggestion from employees could be taken seriously only by effective OC could the performance of organizational memb ers be appraised and recognized. In one organization, whether IC or OC is all to share and utilize resources better, consequently maintain the sustainable development.ReferenceHomans, G. C. (2002). Introducing Communication Theory. American Journal of Sociology 63 (6) 597606. Retrieved February 20 , 2010 from Academic reckon Premier EBSCO database. Communication Theories. (2010, December 19). In MBAlib, The MBA Encyclopedia. Retrieved February 20, 2011, from http//wiki. mbalib. com/wiki/%E6%B2%9F%E9%80%9A Organization Communication. (2011, January 22). In Baidu, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved February 20, 2011, from http//www. baidu. com/FORUM_POST_900001_900005_858561_0. HTM Interpersonal Communication. 2011, February 16). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved February 22, 2011, from http//en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=Interpersonal_communication&oldid=414279842 Communication. (2010). In Scientology Volunteer Ministers Online Training. Retrieved February 22, 20 11, from http//www. volunteerministers. org/solutions/communication. html? source=gaw&gclid=CNbK_tjlu6YCFQJvbAodOlWgHw Shiwei Yu. (2006). Communication skills in modern enterprises in Huacheng Wang, Introduction of Enterprises Management (b), Higher Education Press. Retrieve February 24,2011, from Science Direct database.Charles, S. W. (1998). Stumbling Toward Identity The offspring of Organizational Communication as a Field of Study in McPhee and Tompkins, Organizational Communication Traditional Themes and New Directions. Thousand Oaks, CA Sage. Retrieved February 28, 2011 from EBSCO Host database. Communication Case Study, In Tangguokuaixun, Retrieved March 1, 2011, from http//info. tjkx. com/news/00001346EB/2004-10-21/03984BC948. html The problems of Organizational Communication. (2010, March 31).In MBAlib, The MBA Encyclopedia. Retrieved March 4, 2011, from http//wiki. mbalib. com/wiki/%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E6%B2%9F%E9%80%9 Tracey, W. R. (2006), The management of sympathetic Re source ,In William R. Tracey, The key skills(4th). Retrieved March 4, 2011, from EBSCO Host database. Management communication. (2010). In HRoot, The free website. Retrieved March 4, 2011, from http//www. hroot. com/contents/4/120726. html Naisbitt,J. (1999). Communication Theories Perspectives, processes, and contexts, 9th edition. Belmont, CA Thomson Wadsworth. Retrieved February 22, 2011, from EBSCO Host database.

Fall in Love with Writing Essay

Fall in Love with Writing When I was a little girl, I always loved listening to my parents telling me wonderful fairy tales before going to bed, and reading suspense storieswhich had surprising endings that I could never guess practiced . On my sixth birthday, my mother gave me a lovely notebook with delicate packaging and told me that I could write anything on it, even create my own stories. I was so exciting about it. I stayed up all night trying to write an interesting story.Amazingly, I found myself enjoy writing so much and I couldnt stop. Thats when I fall in love with writing. When I grew older, writing became one of my favorite things. Writing brings me not nevertheless joy, but also a lot of help in my life. When I feel bad, I write my feelings down, and put it away. This is my way of letting go of my forbid emotions. I like creating a world that I chiffonier breathe in, a world full of imagination, a world with no pain and sadness, a world where I can escape from real l ife for a fleeting moment, relax and just be myself. Writing helps me think calmly as well.Sometimes it is more logical than speaking. It gives me a chance to clear my thoughts and make my mind organized. When I start writing, unbelievably, the whole world seems to become quiet where new-sprung(prenominal) ideas keep jumping out from my mind to my fingers. I can express myself and my beliefs better through writing. Most importantly, I can get to know so many beautiful words.I love the way the words come together when I write, how they can flow effortlessly, and how they can submerse me. After study about the great writers in history such as Victor Hugo, Hemingway and Scott Fitzgerald, I started to realize how powerful words can be and how writing can represent our society and redefine the world. I love writing for the reasons above. Sometimes I just enjoy writing by the way my pen hits the paper, or the way my fingers tap the keyboard. I think writing makes me know more about the world and myself. It gives me a hand when I lost myself and stimulates me to see the truth, to set off both the beauty and how unpleasant our world can be.

Are There Any “Winners” in War? Essay

War is not a game people play to come on prizes or don recognition for their skill. After cardinal side surrenders, and a treaty is signed, one side does go sign feeling like a winner. Both sides suffer irreplaceable losses. For this reason, there are no sure winners in war.Some people may feel that they came unwrap of the war victoriously, but as Agatha Christie said, To win a war is as disastrous as to lose one. For example, in the Ameri nookie Revolution, we won, but is it authentically victory when 8,000 Americans died on the battlefield? We lost much soldiers than the British lost during that war, yet we came come forth of it looking for like winners. Theres a reason that every plain that participates in war is a loser, whether they lost more men, they didnt get what they wanted out of the war, or they started the war and caused all the deaths that took place within it.So faraway 3,974 soldiers have died since the war was launched in Iraq on March 20, 2003. More tha n 81,000 Iraqis have died in the same war. These lives can not be replaced. These atrocities can not be mended. The moment lives are disrupted, and the moment a liveliness ends, you have officially lost the war, even if it hasnt ended yet. When a soldier is sent to war, their loved ones foretaste for their safe return, but all the while knowing that some will be lost along the way. And all they can do is hope that their loved one will not be one of the thousands that die.Numerous soldiers from both countries come home with severe injuries that affect how they will live for the rest of their life. 29,320 American troops alone have been wounded in the Iraq war. They are not able to do things they formerly could and they often regret joining the army. Because of the appalling events that soldiers are subjected to, they often return from battle with harsh psychological effects, such as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.I man I know has slept with a weapon in hand for thirteen years afte r coming back from being in the war. He sometimes wakes up in the middle of the night and thinks he is in combat. He crazily looks for his gun and screams for someone to give him orders. Some Soldiers also have survivors guilt, and they feel bad that they made it out alive but a friend didnt. In addition, some soldiers may feel remorseful all over killing somebody, and from there onlive a lamented, guilt ridden life. Most people who are have-to doe with with war go through at least one of these things, which is another reason that nobody comes out of war being a winner.The countries involved in the war suffer economically as well. For example, the unify States has spent almost 500 billion dollars on the war in Iraq, which could have been forestalled. Instead of development this money to support war, it could be donated to hospitals, or used to help find cures to diseases. Using the money for these causes would utility us to a great extent, unlike using the money for war. Iraq will have to rebuild their country because of all the destruction we have caused over there, which will also cost a lot of money. unheeding of who wins according to who drops or surrenders first, both sides lose. Neither side wins because neither side was courageous enough to go about their disputes in a means other than war. They couldnt come to a consensus over how to solve their problems. Adults should act like adults and work out their problems through conversation instead of acting through violence, because if they fail to do so, the consequences will be extremely unpleasant. In war, you always lose more than you gain. You may get what you went to war for in the first place, but in the process you have lost so much that it sound isnt worth it. There are no winners in war, just survivors.bibliographyhttp//www.antiwar.com/casualties/http//www.iraqwarveterans.org/war_stories.htm

theories of international trade

No 1 BPO BANE OR BOON ? Answers 1. Which of the theories of inter internal trade can help Indian services providers gain emulous bite over their competitors? 1. Suggested Theory to gain dynamism and competitiveness in Operation A. Developing executive leaders at three levels top team, the personal development of individual executives as leaders and the Chief decision maker Officer (CEO) B.Success Brand Development and Brand Strategy An effectivebrand strategy depart hit a unique identity that allow for differentiate from the competition. That is why its often deemed as the heart of a competitive strategy C. Strategies for Working Work avoidance is one of the major paradoxes, Making a make do Plan to work, setting a quota for a week or month and making them to execute will increase the overall harvesting D.Achieve learning through knowledge management Knowledge Management efforts typically focus on organizationalobjectivessuch as improvedperformance,competitive advantage, innovation, the sharing of lessons learned, integration and n of all time-ending improvementof theorganization. Knowledge Management efforts overlap withorganizational learning, and may be distinguished from that by a greater focus on the management of knowledge as a strategic asset and a focus on encouraging the sharing of knowledge. E.Achieve supply chain excellence The basis of competition for collective companies in todays economy is supply-chain originality, These companies understand that value-chain performance translates to productiveness and foodstuff-share leadership. They also understand that supply-chain leadership means more than just low costs and efficiency, it requires a superior ability to shape and suffice to shifts in demand with innovative products and services. 2. productivity for INTERNATION TRADE CompetitivenessThe fast switchs in the context of the process of scotch reform, ball-shapedization and liberalization pay off created greater compulsio ns for India to be productive and competitive than ever before. With rapid advancement in technology as healthful as Management Theory and Practice, the concept & techniques of productivity have undergone a change over time, thereby creating a need for devising fresh approaches, coining unused message and adopting a new idiom to spread the message to the stakeholders.There is an urgent need to redefine and re-structure the productiveness Movement in such a way that it be have a go at its a self perpetuating process, more so, because the general environment earlier was not very congenial for the desired productivity growth as lots of non-productive barriers & protecting(prenominal) walls surrounded our economic system for a very long time. All these protective walls have come crashing d declare and now competition is the name of the Game.Keeping in view the stage at which it stands on the driveway to economic progress, promotion of productivity, its awareness creation and benefi table implementation should be the corner stone of productivity terminatement. Productivity in its new manifestation, as a culture of accepting and bringing about continuous change through teamwork having continued focus on the customer-need is an inescapable imperative. These Concepts have come to acquire greater deduction in the current context of changes economic environment. 3. BUILDING Brand Indias Need Perspectives STRATEGY Need to go away up the value chain- advance R&D Need to project greater ROI on investment better profitability Need to remove revenue dependence on any single imagery such as human capital Need to carve a niche IPR and Licensing Need for proficient prowess and foodstuff knowledge focused domain expertise Need to brand products and services better marketing Every organization has its own distinctive approach towards development. Connecting these initiatives, there should be a load to enlarge the scope of innovation and to create environment conducive to Productivity.Productivity may be the outcome of techno-managerial practices, and eventually is the result of a mindset. Basic to this approach is the conviction that there is no limit to improvement. scour the best can be improved. The crucial ingredient is the preparedness of the human mind to change. Therefore, workers, managers, policy makers and others should be ready to continuously and collectively work for productivity improvement, not only in every economic activity, but also in every human endeavor for the development of the society as well as the uncouth.Needless to mention, as we graduate further into knowledge era, traditional methods and principles will become increasingly ineffectual and we will have to innovatively augment productivity both at micro as well as macro level to realize a orbicular competitive edge. 2. Pick up some Indian services providers. With the help of Michael porters diamond, analyses their strengths and weaknesses as active pla yers in BPO. The Diamond Model of Michael Porter for the competitive advantage of Nations offers a model that can help understand the comparative position of a nation in global competition.The model can also be used for major geographic regions. Traditional country advantages Traditionally, economic theory mentions the following factors for comparative advantage for regions or countries 1. Land 2. perspective 3. Natural resources (minerals, energy) 4. Labor, and 5. Local population size. Because these 5 factors can hardly be influenced, this fits in a quite passive (inherited) view regarding national economic opportunity. Porter says that sustained industrial growth has hardly ever been built on above mentioned basic inherited factors.Abundance of such factors may actually undermine competitive advantage He introduces a concept called clusters or groups of interconnected firms, suppliers, related industries, and institutions,that arise in authoritative locations. Porter Diamond Nations According to Porter, as a rule competitive advantage of nations is the outcome of 4 interlinked advanced factors and activities in and between companies in these clusters. These can be influenced in a pro-active way by government.PORTER argued that a nation can create new advanced factor endowments such as handy labor, a strong technology andknowledge base, government support, and culture. PORTER used a diamond regulate diagram as a basis of a framework to illustrate the determinants of national advantage. The diamond represents the national playing field that the countries establish for theirindustries. The points of the diamond are described as follows FACTOR CONDITIONS a country creates its own important factors such as skilled resources and technological base. these factors are upgraded / deployed over time to roleplay the demand. local disadvantges force innovations. new methods and hence comparative advantage. DEMAND CONDITIONS a more demanding local market leads to national advantage. a strong trend setting local market helps local firms anticipate global trends. RELATED AND SUPPORTING INDUSTRIES local competition creates innovations and cost effectiveness. this also models pressure on local suppliers to overcharge their game. FIRM STRATEGY , STRUCTURE AND RIVALRY. local conditions affect firm strategy. local rivalry forces firm to move beyond basic advantages. THE DIAMOND AS A SYSTEM the effect of one point depends on the others. it is a self-reinforcing system. THE component part OF THE administration IN THIS MODEL to encourage to stimulate to help to create growth in industries. In Terms and Conditions Let us take the organization TCS 1. BPO/ KPO Business BPO is established and is on development stage. KPO is on Threshold of Growth The Passive Analysis of The Active/Proactive Analysis ofFACTOR CONDITIONS TCS has created its own important factors such as skilled resources and technological base for expanding BPOs / KPOs TCS is upgrading / deploying resources over time to meet the demand. vernal innovations. New methods has given the local industry the comparative advantage. DEMAND CONDITIONS a more demanding local/ global market has given TCS the international / national advantage. a strong trend setting local market has helped local firms anticipate global trends.RELATED AND SUPPORTING INDUSTRIES local competition has created innovations and cost effectiveness for the TCS . this has also put the pressure on local suppliers to lift their game. FIRM STRATEGY , STRUCTURE AND RIVALRY local conditions have affected TCS various strategy. local rivalry have forced TCS to move beyond basic advantages. THE ROLE OF THE INDIAN GOVERNMENT IN THIS MODEL INDIAN GOVERNMENT is encouraging more TCS . INDIAN GOVERNMENT is stimulating with paperwork reforms. INDIAN GOVERNMENT is helping to create more skilled labors. INDIAN GOVERNMENT is providing infrastructures to attract more industries. 3. Compare thi s case with the case given at the beginning of this chapter. What similarities and dissimilarities do you notice? Your depth psychology should be based on the theories explained. If youre not faster than your competitor, youre in a tenuous position, and if youre only half as fast, youre terminal. The idea is to concentrate our strength against our competitors relative weakness. The opportunities and threats existing in any situation always exceed the resources needed to exploit the opportunities or avoid the threats. Thus, strategy is essentially a problem of allocating resources. If strategy is to be successful, it must allocate superior resources against a decisive opportunity. It is not the strongest of the species that survive, nor the most intelligent, but the one most responsive to change. Organizations pursue strategies that will disrupt the normal course of industry events and forge new industry