English Poetry and of Mice and Men Exam Practice Essay

what to look for in poetry †¢tone †¢pace †¢mood/atmoshere †¢themes/ideas †¢imagery †¢techniques, why woman work and overheard in country Sligo differences- ââ€" ªwoman work-very busy mood and atmosphere-because of the rhyme! reflects everything she has to do ââ€" ªOverhead-calmer, more relaxed, slow pace!-reflects here quite country irish life. the women themselves are different, one busy one maybe too similarity- †¢neither women feel like they have a lot to call their own †¢woman work talks about she can only call nature her own-â€Å"star shine, moon glow/your all that i can call my own† †¢overheard-says how she wanted her name in a book or on Angelou-implies stage, didn’t get what she wanted â€Å"i ought to feel happy†-implies she should but doesn’t †¢both spend their time doing house work The poem, Woman Work by Maya Angelou shows how busy life can be for a black woman in southern american, and the general mood is very busy, with the use of rhyming giving it a quick pace, reflecting on her life. It also highlights how she doesn’t feel like she has a lot to a call her own in life, implying everything she does is not for self. The poem, Overhear in County Sligo shows the life a married woman in rural Ireland and the poem has a much calmer mood and slower pace reflecting the quiet she lives. It talks about dreams that the woman once had, and how maybe she’s not as happy with her lot in life. ‘I find my face in the glass/I ought to feel I’m a happy woman’ this stands out to me in this poem as I think it provokes very strong emotions and empathy towards the woman, by showing how unhappy and unfulfilled she feels. One of the main differences between these two poems is the pace and mood. Woman Work has a much a quicker pass and busier mood whereas Overheard in County Sligo is much slower and more relaxed. In Woman Work Angelou uses short lines and a rhyme, to give the poem a quick pass. Reflecting on how busy life may be for the woman. Angelou writes, ‘I’ve got the children to tend / the clothes to mend’. These lines are quite short, and the pace implies that the woman has to do all the work and has a lot of responsibilities. The use of the word ‘tend’ also makes looking after the children sound like a very tedious thing and almost chore like, implying that she feels she many other and maybe more important things to be doing. In Overheard in Country Sligo the mood is much calmer and the slower pace gives a relaxing mood. Clarke writes, ‘with a field of cows and a yard of hens’ this line, like the majority in the poem is quite longs and has a slow pa ce when reading, this may have been done to reflect the woman’s lifestyle, and the poets use of describing the countryside makes life seem very calm and idyllic, almost as If the woman doesn’t have a lot she has to rush for. One the main similarities in the poems is the impression that neither women have much that they feel they can call their own. In Woman Work, Angelou writes, ‘star shine, moon glow/your all that I can call my own’ this shows that she doesn’t feel that she has much she can call here own, implying that all the work she dos is not for herself, but for others. The uses of the words ‘shine’ and ‘glow’ to describe nature, implies that natures is possibly the one calm and beautiful thing in here life. In Overheard in Country Sligo, Clarke writes, ‘or have my name printed in a book/to see my thoughts on printed page’ this implies that the woman had bigger dreams than of getting married and I think the use of the phrase ‘my name printed’ shows that she wanted to have something that belonged to her and that showed everything she thought or did. I also think the fact that she states ‘I married a man from County Roscomm on’ shows that she may feel little belongs to here or has her name on, and that maybe she feels that she’s living a life for here husband and not for her self. Another similarity in the poems is that both women spend their time doing house work and chores. In Woman Work, Angelou lists off everything the she has to do with her day. Angelou writes, ‘the floor to mop/the food to shop’ this makes her work seem very tedious and mundane and Clarke gives the similar impression about work in Overheard in County Sligo, when she writes’ and polish the lustre and brass,/to order and dust the tumbled rooms’. She makes does not make work sound very interesting or something that she enjoys. However a subtle difference between the two is that Clarke makes the woman’s work seem very monotonous or as if she has to force herself to it, whereas in Woman Work, work seem to be very hectic and rushed. Valentine by carol ann Duffy and †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ by w h Auden plan- †¢valentine- its very personal she’s writing it to her lover, shown by using i and you- personal pronouns †¢funeral blue- it seems more like he’s declaring his feeling, attitude, instead of referring to the dead lover – thus effects the mood. †¢valentine- onion represents love but also link s to the future, time continues †¢funeral- wants time to end, no future †¢love stays with you, nothings the same when it ends Valentine by Carol Ann Duffy is about giving an onion as a gift on valentines day, to represent love, the poet is tired of meaning less clichà © gifts and whats to give something truthful and poetic instead. She talks about every thing that the onion represents and what love entails, and the overall mood is very personal and uplifting, as if she was directly addressing a lover. Funeral blues is about life now that a lover is dead, and how its so difficult to understand how things can go on in life, but the fact that he uses a rhyme lighten the pace and shows that for others life will go on as normal. This poem seems more like the poet making a statement and has a very powerful, but sad mood as you realise how deviating a lose it is to the poet. One of the main differences between the poems is the tone and mood that they sets. Valentine, is very personal, it implies through the use of the personal pronouns, ‘you’ and ‘i’ that its supposed to have a more personal and intimate feel. Duffy shows this when she writes, ‘I give you an onion./its fierce kiss will stay on your lips,/possessive and faithful’, she uses very powerful words such as ‘fierce’ and ‘possessive’ which create a more passionate and powerful mood, giving a reader a string sense of her love for this person. Funeral blues however has a different tone and mood, it seems a lot less intimate ad personal but more like the poet trying to declare their pain to everyone, instead of referring to the lover in a personal way, he uses 3rd person as if he’s telling others, not speaking to the dead lover. Auden shows this when he writes ‘he was my north, my south, my east, my west,’. This lin e is very strong and again reflects the sense of declaration that i think sets the mood throughout the poem, and the use of ‘he’ makes it feels like a statement that everyone should here, which differs to the personal account given by Duffy. Another difference in the poem is the theme. Valentine talks about promise and future, where as in Funeral Blues it seems like the poets can’t believe there is a future and that life can still go on. Duffy shows this theme of future in several different ways, one being when she writes ‘Its platinum loops shrink to a wedding-ring,’ this line implies that she can imagine future with her lover, and the phrase, ‘if you like’ implies that they can make what they want of life, and that again there’s a future. Contrastingly in funeral blues Auden implies that he can no longer see a future know that he’s alone, and nothing is worth while, this is show mainly in the final stanza,’pour away the ocean, and sweep up the wood.’ implying that everything seems pointless in life and he can no longer appreciate the beauty in the world. One similarity between the poems is the idea that love is every powerful and stays with you no matter how it ends. Duffy shows this in Valentine in the final stanza, when she uses the strength of an onions smell as a metaphor for love staying with you, ‘Its scent will cling to your fingers’. The use of the word ‘cling’ in this line is very powerful and helps to show the level in which love stays with you, implying it’s hold over a person is very strong. Auden shows love in a similar light in Funeral Blues, he writes, ‘for nothing now can ever come to any good’ implying that love has changed everything, the way he perceives things and does things, showing like in Valentine the power love has over a person. Look closely at the text, what does it real about george’s character, how does he behave and speak? plan- †¢george, it shows he’s aware of the prejudice towards Lennie-feels the need to lie about why they travel together. †¢gets angry with Lennie, makes his life more difficult, doesn’t always appreciate or is aware of the trouble george goes to. †¢he’s quite quick and sharp, he responds well to question, knows the right things to say The extract reveals quite a lot about Georges character. It shows that George as quite a sharp and intelligent character, who seems to be able to say the right things. Steinbeck shows this when he write, george broke in loudly. ‘oh! I ain’t saying he’s bright. He ain’t. but he’s a god damn good worker’. This implies that george is very quick and sharp, he’s very aware of the right things to say. The fact that Steinbeck also uses quite sharp short sentences here when Georges is speaking helps to show Georges thought proses and you can see him thinking about the thing the boss night want to hear. The extract also reveals that Georges character is very aware of the prejudice towards Lennie, and wants to do what he can protect Lennie as well as ensure them a job. He does this by not allowing Lennie to talk, and explaining why he may not come across as smart because â€Å"he got kicked in the head by a horse when he was kid†. This als o implies that george doesn’t share everyone else’s prejudice towards mental disabilities, or at least not Lennie’s. In the extract Steinbeck also represents george as having a short temper at times, especially regarding Lennie. Steinbeck shows this when he writes â€Å"be a damn good thing if you was,† george said viciously † save everybody a hell of a lot o trouble†. this gives the impression that George finds moving around with Lennie very frustrating, maybe because he knows that Lennie is always aware appreciates everything george does, and he’s knows how much easier things would be if Lennie wasn’t there. the use of the word ‘viciously’ reveals a lot about George’s character and shows that he is capable of being quite vastly and powerful when he losses his temper. How the Steinbeck present slims character in the extract? Plan- †¢made to seem very friendly ad welcoming-his tone was friendly, it invited confidence without demanding it. †¢deep, wise, understanding, smart-his slow speech had overtones of not thought, but of understanding beyond thought — not like other ranch workers †¢impressive, strong. — He was the prince of the ranch, capable of driving, ten, sixteen even twenty mules with a single line. — Just the length of Stienbecks destruction makes him seem more impressive. †¢authoritative-all talk stopped when spoke. his authority was so great his word was taken on any subject. be it police or love in extract Steinbeck presents slim as being very different to your typical ranch worker at the time and shows many aspects of slims character. one being that he seem very strong and impressive, Steinbeck shows this when he writes, ‘he was the price of the ranch, capable of driving, ten, sixteen even twenty mules with a single line’ this show how strong he is but steinboks use of increase figures makes him seem more impressive and as if he’s strength has no end. the length in which steinbok writes about slim also emphasise how impressive a character he is. In the extract Steinbeck also presents slim as being a very deep, understanding and smart character. Steinbeck writes, ‘ his slow speech had overtones not of thought but of understanding beyond though’. This implies that slims is a very deep character, who’s understanding is far beyond that of other ranch workers. slim is also made to seem very authoritative in this extract. one of the ways in which steinbok shows this is when he writes’ ‘his tone was friendly, it invited confidence without demanding it’. this shows slims character as being very friendly, but also as very reasonable and welcoming. the use of the word ‘confidence’ also highlights that slims a character who is able to better others and confident that jet simp;y being around him enables others to be more open and confident. Finally Steinbeck shows slims slim authority. He does this when he writes, ‘all talk stopped when he spoke. His authority was so great his word would be taken on any subject wether it be politics or love’ this quote highlights every aspect of slims character and the way people view him, it reinforces the fact that he is wise and knowledgeable ,as well as showing his power and straight over others. How does Steinbeck create mood and atmosphere in the extract? plan- †¢peaceful and innocent, sets the mood through describing cureless wife †¢quite, time stops Steinbeck creates mood and atmosphere in the extract through describing how quiet it is in barn. He describes how things change, and the way he looks at light gives a very calm and almost magical atmosphere. ‘the sun streaks were high on the wall by now, and light was growing soft’ the makes everything seem very bright and the uses of the word ‘soft’ creates a magical and beautiful atmosphere which helps to reflect upon how Curley’s wife is portrayed know she is dead. Steinbeck also creates mood in the extract with the line ‘and sound and movement stopped for much, much more that a moment,’ the reinforces the magical and peaceful atmosphere in this scene, and the use of the word ‘stop’ makes the reader themselves pause and think about for a moment, creating a very deep and more effective mood. Steinbeck also creates mood in this extract through his description of Cruley’s wife, ‘ and the meanness and the planning and the discontent and ache for attention were all gone from her face.’ this line makes the reader feel a sense of the pain she felt when she was a live, but by referring to her pain Steinbeck also creates a stronger sense of freedom and relief now that see has died. the phrases ‘gone from her face’, also allows the reader to picture the scene and what she might look like creating a more real atmosphere. what to include- †¢context- the time †¢themes †¢tracking †¢what happens †¢quotes †¢conclusion For which character do you have the most sympathy for? Show how Steinbecks presentation of your character creates sympathy. plan- ââ€" ªcurelys wife ââ€" ªprejudice- i can’t tai to know body but curly, jailbait, tart ââ€" ªloneliness-think i don’t like to talk to nobody ever once in a while ââ€" ªunhappy marriage – think I’m gonna stay in that 2 by 4 house and listen to how curley gonna lead with his left ââ€" ªamerican dream-i could have been in the pitchers, failed know she’s with curley ââ€" ªsymplahy in beauty in death, reveals hr pain ââ€" ªthe way she confided in lennie – ‘i don’t like curley he aint a nice fella’ i have the most sympathy for curleys wife in the novel as i think that she has had a lot of disappointment and hardship in her life. one way in which stienbeck creates sympathy for her character is through showing her loneliness and how unhappy she is in her marriage. she does not seem happy or in love with curley, or the new life she has to lead to on the ranch, and her marriage is the main reason she’s so lonely, it has meant she’s isolated on the ranch, ‘think I’m gonna stay in that 2 by 4 house and listen to how cureless gonna lead with his left.’ and the fact that she doesn’t seem to anything common with curley and he’s quite self pbsored means she doesn’t feel happy. and when she confides in lennie by saying ‘i don’t like curley, he aint a nice fella’ it generates sympathy by showing how unhappy she is about her life, and the fact that she says he aint a nice fella almost makes her appear trapped. the wa y she is treated by the other ranch workers also generates sympathy, as it makes her seem very unwanted, as most of the ranch workers judge her harshly, and she’s accused of being a ‘tart’ and ‘jailbait’. the ranch workers attitudes towards her also shows the prejudice women faced at the time, and the fact that she’s is a married women means no one should be talking to her, and she’s expected to stay in the house and conform to society in the 1930’s. one of the main ways in which Steinbeck creates sympathy for her character is through the way she is presented in death. he describes her as young and pretty, and the emphases he puts upon how all the plottig and meanness left her, and she looked so a peace, made all the pain she’d felt in life very real. her american dream also generates sympathy, as it shows the hard ship and disappointment she’s had to face in a life, but the she also deep down thinks she might get t here some day. it shows the sort of life she desired and in a way that might have made her new life on the ranch harder to face. How does John Steinbeck presentation of George throughout the novel affect your feelings towards him? In this essay I will explore the presentation of George throughout the novel. One of the ways in which Steinbeck presents George is as a caring man. This is largely show through his parental attitude towards Lennie. He is shown to care about out Lennie and tries to keep him out of trouble even though he does not actually have any obligation to. This is shown during the first chapter when we see George take a lot of responsibility for Lennie, carrying his things â€Å"think I’d let you carry your own work card† and generally looking after him . This factor affected my feelings towards George, especially as during the time it was not normal for one man to care so much for another, especially ranch workers, as shown when slim finds out they travel together, â€Å"I never seen one guy care so much for another†. However George is shown to lose his temper with Lennie on several occasion, an example being in the first chapter when Lennie asks for ketchup, â€Å"you alw ays want what I ain’t got†, showing how difficult life can be for George traveling with him. This generates some sympathy towards George for me as it again shows how he puts up with Lennie because he loves him, even though he knows how different his life could be if he travelled alone. George’s attitude towards the American affected my feelings towards his character as well, especially as we saw it develop throughout the novel, and there are three main points that show how he feels towards the American dream. The first being when he is telling the story of their farm to Lennie, he interrupts himself and says â€Å"I ain’t got time for no more†, I think this shows that sometimes he gets caught up in this story, showing how much he longs for it but that deep downs knows how near impossible it is to achieve. The second point that I think is key to Georges attitude towards the American dream is when candy offers to give them the money. We see how excited George is when he says â€Å"we’ll do her†, this point affected my feelings towards him as it shows how much he wants the dream and gave me a sense of Georges happiness. I think that the main point regarding George’s attitude towards the dream was after candy had shown George Curley’s wife’s body, it’s during this scene we see how the dream was always really something for him and Lennie, and if he can’t do it worth Lennie it seems he doesn’t want to do it at all. All of these points really impacted my feeling towards as it generates a lot of emotions such as joy and sympathy towards George. How is the relationship between Curley and his wife important to the novel as a whole? plan- †¢shows that during the time relationships weren’t always based on love †¢prejudice- Curley doesn’t let his wife talk to others †¢loneliness-shows that even though your wit someone you can still be lonely- happiness †¢their relationship is not close, this causes cureless wife to stray to talk to others, talk to Lennie Loneliness is at the heart of the novel, to what extent do you agree with this? Show how Steinbeck presents the theme of friendship in of mice and men? plan- †¢presents it as rare- ranch workers, time †¢presents it as brief and fragile †¢presents it through candy and dog †¢lennie and george †¢maybe look at slim being v. understanding and friendly and curly not trusting new people. Steinbeck presents the theme of friendship is several different easy throughout the novel. Steinbeck presents friendship as rare throughout the novel, during the 1930s male friendship between ranch workers was very rare, one point when this is show is when the ranch boss say â€Å"i never seen one guy take so much trouble for another†, implying that friendship between men is a very rare thing, and that workers may prefer to to keep to themselves. the rarity of lennie and georges friendship is also shown through several statements implying that they can not just be friends, for example when george and lennie meet curley as well as the boss they are questioned about the motives of their friendship. as well as presenting friendship as rare, Steinbeck also presents it as fragile, as we see the two major friendships end, candy and when his dog is shoot and lennie and george, when george kills lennie. ‘The characters are powerless’ do you agree i do not agree all the characters are completely powerless, how ever in some ways the majority of them are for- Lennie †¢stronge †¢can’t control him self, relies on others, mental illness. -Curley’s wife †¢prejudice, Curley controls her -slim †¢powerful

Nathaniel Hawthorne vs. Shirley Jackson Analysis Essay

As a common reader I’ve come across many authors that have intrigued me due their style of writing, choice of words, paramount of symbolism, sense of irony, use of color, etc†¦ but no two authors have caught my attention more than Nathaniel Hawthorne and Shirley Jackson. These two authors are completely different in every way including their writing styles! Both of these authors have written short stories that have been extremely famous with the public. For example, Nathaniel Hawthorne is mostly known for his famous short story called â€Å"The Scarlett Letter.† Shirley Jackson on the other hand, is best known for her thrilling short story called â€Å"The Lottery.† After reading a short story from these two authors’, you’ll quickly notice why they are so difference from each other! Nathaniel Hawthorne was born on July 4, 1804 in Salem, MA. After losing his father, Hawthorne began taking a grand interest in his dad’s worldwide adventures ! He even began reading the logbooks his father had submitted while he was at sea! (BRD Groupe Societe Generate) As the years went by, Nathaniel left home and attended college until 1825 where he graduates and returns home to begin his writing experience. When Nathaniel returned home, he began his writing in semi-seclusion, leading him to write with the style he did and the topics he chose. As I mentioned earlier, â€Å"The Scarlett Letter† is one of Hawthorne’s most famous short stories and one of the best examples to capture his character as a person. This particular short story demonstrates Nathaniel’s writing style to the fullest!! He has a very formal, romantic, fictitious, way of writing and you can clearly pick it up as you read each page! His writing has even been criticized by many other readers. For instance, William Heath who has been known to analyze the sexual element of Hawthorne’s writings, finding a â€Å"profound ambivalence towards women† in many of his works. He speculates about the deeper sexual tension in Hawthorne’s life and how it surfaces in his books. He discusses his sexual anxieties, such as his fear of passion with his wife, and possible feelings of incest, which are backed up by family history. He cautions against assuming that he  feared passion because he was incapable of it. He finds Hawthorne to be â€Å"a straight-laced moralist.† His stories tend to become parables to decipher, rather than dramatic. (Literary Criticisms) Nathaniel Hawthorne had something that many authors’ use now a day as an inspiration to write, and that was his beliefs. His beliefs and lifestyle, led him to create themes for his short stories! Hawthorne was known for his extremely descriptive way of writing which made him such an amazing and admirable author. Back in the 19th century, there were no easy ways to produce photographs for books, so Hawthorne made sure to write lengthy, imaginative, visual descriptions so the person reading the story could still feel what he was saying. (BRD Groupe Societe Generate) Besides writing with such great descriptions, Hawthorne was known for conveying modern themes of psychology and human nature through his symbolism. (BRD Groupe Societe Genera te) One unique element about Hawthorne’s writing was he never had any characters confronting themselves and this was all due to his lifestyle! Unfortunately, Nathaniel Hawthorne died on May 19, 1964 at the age of 60. He left with us his classic, old, contemporary classic short novels! Shirley Jackson was born on December 14, 1915 in San Francisco, CA. She spent most of her life in California where she began writing poetry and short novels as a young teenager. When Shirley turned 17 she attended the University of Rochester and sadly withdrew a year later! Shirley Jackson spent a year at home practicing her writing by producing a minimum of a thousand words a day. (Shirley Jackson Biography) In 1937 she attended the University of Syracuse and published her first story called â€Å"Janice†. As the years passed, Jackson began having her stories published in The New Yorker and The New Public and was then offered a teaching position at Bennington College. (Shirley Jackson Biograp hy) By 1948 Shirley Jackson had published her most captivating, exhilarating, chilling short story ever; â€Å"The Lottery.† Her writing style was known as very gothic and dark. She used witchcraft and abnormal psychology to create themes and twisted plots! The great thing about Shirley Jackson was that she was known to write with not just one style of writing, but two! One of them was detached hilarity which is also known as detaching from extreme amusemen;t and the other type of style is known as tenebrous horror, which is also known as dark horror. (Times) Her choice of words were very eerie and gruesome and truly paints a picture in a readers  head that gives goosebumps! Many writers have also criticized Jackson for her way of writing especially being that it’s dusky and deep. Fortunately it has been good critique! It’s been known that a lot of writers, both in and out of the horror genre, know how to create a sense of dread. What makes Jackson’s sensibility so distinctive is that her brand of dread tends to be self-aware and even, at times, self-amused. (Times) Her distinctive way of writing appeared in many other places such as, McCalls, Redbook, The Saturday Evening Post, Harper’s Bazaar and The Ladies’ Home Journal. (Times) Sadly, Shirley Jackson died on August 8, 1965 at the age of 49. Both of these writers are very different because one is romantic and basically coming from ones beliefs and the other is very gloomy and twisted. Shirley Jackson creates a very scary illusion as you read her stories. She makes you feel like you can jump into the book and construct an adventure of your own! Nathaniel Hawthorne on the other hand, takes you to this very soft, modern style. He writes with so much detail that you get sucked into the stories within seconds. Your mind paints vivid pictures due to his imagery! The unique element about both these authors is that they also have a couple things in common. For instance, they both were truly dedicated to their writings and succeeded in allowing a readers imagination to spiral out of control. Another common quality they had was they both wrote in a classic way. Shirley Jackson was best known for writing classic horror and Nathaniel Hawthorne was known for his classic, clarity writing. Personally, my favorite out of the two has to be Nathaniel Hawthorne because his choice of details and words build pictures that make me feel like that story was specifically meant for me! Personally I don’t like scariness so Shirley Jackson would definitely not be one of my top favorite authors! â€Å"Slidashare Present yourself.† Nathaniel Hawthorne. N.p.. Web. 19 Nov 2012. . Raffert, Terrence. â€Å"Her Darkest Place.† Sunday Book Review. The New York Times, 26 2010. Web. 19 Nov 2012. . . â€Å"The Works of Shirley Jackson.† . N.p.. Web. 19 Nov 2012. . . â€Å"BRD GROUPE SOCIETE GENERALE.† Hawthorne Writing Style. N.p.. Web. 19 Nov 2012. .

Internet connections Essay

The security implications of sharing Internet connections between FTD employees and stuff must be strong in order to assure safety for both the clients and the employees. The main security issue such as data access must be implemented in such a way that the privilege given to the FTD employees which is controlled and manipulated. Controlling the web-browsing habit such as browsing illegal or unwanted web sites need also to be controlled, hence providing user access to email, web sites using password and encryptions is essential. Keeping off the malicious users from accessing valuable information and other external information that can be used against the FTD employees and the authorities needs to be taken under consideration. Sending emails and other attachments must be allowed according to hierarchy of access permissions. Unauthorized access to sensitive data must be prevented by implementing policies and procedures to prevent, detect, contain, and correct security violations. Such prevention needs to be focused on Physical Security, Data Communications Security and Operating systems security. Tools that can be used to enhance the security of computers connected to a network are called a firewall. When selecting firewalls, one must take into account such as easy installation and configuration, report of the attack by identifying time, location and type of attack, good maintenance and monitoring requirements, etc. The firewalls that should be used in the main site are Packet Filtering, Stateful Packet Inspection, Application-Level Proxy and Network Address Translation (NAT). To have a perfectly feasible operation and conduct the most proper ethical business functions is the first priority for most companies and businesses. The most critical issue related with IT is IT security where the objective is to take effective measures to decrease the threats exist today in IT related business such as e-commerce. â€Å"Security and risk management are tightly coupled with quality management and Security measures should be implemented based on risk analysis and in harmony with Quality structures, processes and checklists. † [5]. Today, most companies prefer electronic information over traditional ways of storing and manipulation of information. Data are stored in huge database and process using different front-end software’s form anywhere in the world. â€Å"Security is the protection of information, systems and services against disasters, mistakes and manipulation so that the likelihood and impact of security incidents is minimized. † [5]. IT security is made up of three main categories and they are Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability. Confidentiality is when company or an organization has sensitive information and does not want to disclose such information to anyone outside the company. Integrity is when companies want to update the system to adapt to future needs. As for availability, it is when a business implements a system it needs to make sure the system is up and running when needed. â€Å"A threat is a danger which could affect the security (confidentiality, integrity, availability) of assets, leading to a potential loss or damage. † [5]. Threats such as customer’s information can be disclosed which can affect the credibility of any company; companies information can be hacked by illegally, etc. â€Å"It is often impossible or very difficult to know if you are under attack and from whom and attackers sophistication has increased enormously in the last 5-10 years. † [5] Other threats such as virus development have increased at an alarming rate. However, the most common cause of security problems are as stated â€Å"Human Error 52%, Dishonest people 10%, Technical Sabotage 10%, Fire 15%, Water 10% and Terrorism 3% and many computer crimes Money theft 44%, Damage of software 16%, Theft of information 16%, Alteration of data 12%, Theft of services 10%, Trespass 2%. † [5]. There are many ways to improve the correct securities such as protecting data and information using different sophisticated firewall software, understanding threats and its impact in order to be protected form it, calculating risk and deciding how to eradicate such risk. There are two basic ways to improve security and they are Bottom Up and Top Down. Bottom Up approach is not that precise but in order to implement such approach it is advisable to properly understand company policies, network topology and companies operating procedure.

Development of childrens higher order reading skills Essay

Development of childrens higher order reading skills - Essay Example Children are always the same, it’s the educational setup that needs to be adapted to their needs for a good nation building. Knowledge is extremely important for every individual in order to keep up with the rapidly modifying dynamic nature of the modern world. Books are among the key sources, that children can develop knowledge from. Learning starts from the day the child is born. He keeps on developing an understanding for the world as he/she experiences matters of daily life. Every child starts the journey of speech from broken words. Then the child starts to link words to express his/her meaning effectively. These broken words are aided by actions. A child may not be structuring the sentence correctly, but is careful about acting enough so that the meaning gets delivered. With due passage of time, with careful attention and regular practice, the child unintentionally starts to construct the sentence in the right way. It is the nature of every creature to adopt ways to communicate, and this urge is inborn. A child’s psychology is greatly influenced by colors. A child’s world is a world of colors and fantasies. That is why in our life, at a later stage, we find things, that once we used to fancy in our childhood, very absurd. So the delicate child-nature needs to be dealt with immense care to develop good reading skills in the child.

To what extent is it in the interest of business to engage in Essay

To what extent is it in the interest of business to engage in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) - Essay Example The business case for CSR can be considered. Many economists have the view that CSR is not actually the demand of social ones. One of them has the view that it is not socially desired. Milton Friedman mentioned that the only social responsibility of a business is to maximize profits. Before going into the pool of Corporate Social Responsibility, we should be familiar with the term Corporate Social Responsibility, which is abbreviated as CSR. It can be profitable for the businesses and so for businessmen. Corporate Social Responsibility cannot be defined as a specific term. Different researchers and economists gave different definitions to it according to their point of view. Most of the researchers agree that, ‘Corporate Social Responsibility is a process by which, businesses are monitored.’ It has its own standards that are internationally accepted as the rules and regulations through which businesses are monitored. The word ‘responsibility’ describes that it takes the responsibility of concerned companies and appreciates their impact on customers, employees and stakeholders. The history of Corporate Social Responsibility is not as old as business; however, as the business community realised the importance of the Corporate Social Responsibility, the knowledge about the term is continuously increasing. In late 1960s, Corporate Social responsibility appeared as an important pillar in the development of a business. With the emergence of Corporate Social responsibility, different multinational companies (MNCs) started using the term stakeholder. This term was initially used to give explanation of the corporate owners (beyond the shareholders of a company), as a result of an influential book by R. Edward Freeman, Strategic management: a stakeholder approach in 1984 (Freeman, 1984). Corporate Social Responsibility is also accountable for the actions of concerned companies and it answers some questions such

Coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Coursework - Essay Example This is because women have many responsibilities to take care of. The famous baseball legend Mickey Mantle died of alcoholism related problem. Due to his heavy drinking, his liver was badly damaged by alcohol-induced cirrhosis and hepatitis C. Mantle was not a priority patient for a transplant. Usually, patients of transplant wait for some time to get liver donors. The problem was self-inflicted and so Mantle should have waited in the queue like many other patients. Another reason why Mantle was not a priority patient is that he already had cancer, which is a terminal illness. Alcoholism victims suffer from malnutrition for various reasons. First, alcohol causes euphoria, which depresses appetite. Secondly, alcohol is rich in energy because of the sugar component in it. This makes many alcoholics substitute food for alcohol. Although energised, alcoholics lack many nutrients that come from other foods since sugar has no other nutrients. Thirdly, continued drinking of alcohol causes destruction of critical organs used to digest and furnish nutrients to the body. Inflammation of the pancreas and liver damage are common digestive problems. In many cultures, alcohol has played a major role since many centuries ago. It is believed that the evolution of agriculture was partly to use the grains for alcohol. Drinking of alcohol is a socially accepted activity in many cultures and persons have the freedom to determine how far they want to take it. Additionally, the behaviour is carried from one generation to the other with the younger generation picking the behaviour with the thought that it has some adaptive benefits. Alcoholism plays an important role in the acceleration of domestic violence. First, alcoholic victims are prone to anger. This provokes them to fight members of their families especially the wives at the slightest provocation. Secondly, an alcoholic will

Childhood Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Childhood - Personal Statement Example The character I developed in those days is to be good to all whatever happens. Never turn your face to others. I could not exactly say who was my inspiration to this. But my parents, my brothers, my friends, my relatives all have a part in this either in a positive way or the other. Its not that we are only inspired by a good person what should be done. The real thing must be from a bad example what not to be done. In that way even during those earlier stages of my life, when someone behaves rudely to me I know how it hurts me. So I used to think, if I behaved in the same way to someone else, he too will feel the same, will be hurt in the same way as I was hurt. So I stopped being harsh and started being good to all. I would say this quality of mine has carried me all through the life till now and it will in future too. I have had many experiences in my life in which the people I trusted the most have betrayed me, have outdone me. But even in that stage I never said a word harsh to them. Instead I still felt them close to me, wished for their betterment. Many of my friends said am a fool to be still being good to the ones who are hurting me and they are taking advantage over me. But I believed this would change them and it did indeed. They realized their mistakes and I believe never again would they be against me. I believe that being good to those who hurt us is the best way to respond.

The Mongol Empire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Mongol Empire - Essay Example The history of the Empire started from 1218, when an interesting event shaped the empire and more particularly the life of Genghis Khan, from a nomadic person to the conqueror of the world. A trade convoy starting their travel from the Mongol lands, heading towards the Persian area that now lay in modern Uzbekistan, was stopped unexpectedly by the Persian State Ruler. The ruler suspected that the caravan was one of the Mongolian spies, so he mutilated the men, raped women and seized all the goods that the group was carrying with them. The doubt was not something out of the world; in fact, the Mongols were very intelligent people at gathering information from around the world that benefited them. At the Mongolian side, this was a strict violation of the peace treaty that assured that the trade caravans will be safe from any damage. And for Genghis Khan, this was an unforgivable violation. Genghis sent a letter to the Persian Empire that the Governor who conducted the offense must be i mmediately called to withdraw from his position. The Persians were not in a mood to change one of their loyal rulers. They turned the message that the Mongols had sent and put the Mongol emissaries to death. This was the background of the annexation of Persian Empire by the Mongols. Although the Mongols are famous for their frightful bloodshed fights, this initiation was not one of them. Here Genghis Khan used his mind to capture the commonwealth. The intellects of Persia were their driving force and Khan gave great respect to all of them.

Business Name Development, Domains, Website Plan Essay - 1

Business Name Development, Domains, Website Plan - Essay Example Following is a list of some possible business names and domain names for our business. There are a number of web technologies that one would use for their websites. However, the choice would depend on the type of business and the simplicity of the technology as well as cost implications. Any business would opt for the best web technology but at the same time will be cautious to spend the little amount of money possible as this would be an essential to the overall profitability of the business. Businesses aim at making maximum possible profits and hence they have to reduce spending as much as they can. For the case of the business in question here, the most favorable web technology would be WordPress. This is due to the fact that it is easy to use. It is cheap and one can be able to update the site without necessarily having to engage a web designer who would charge a fee for the service. This, therefore, helps the business to save money and time. The fact that one can use WordPress a nd administer it without involving a third party means that the business will be safe as there are no risks of losing the site due to inconveniences that may be associated with the server. Through WordPress, one has access to any plugin that they may require for their business. It has also a good orientation with the social media and hence it is easy to integrate it with any social site. This makes it accessible to more people. In addition, WordPress has many themes that one can choose from for their business. The themes are pre-designed and can be easily uploaded to the business website.The content to be included on the site depends on the main objectives of creating the website. This being a website for a business, the content should be e-commerce.

German and german class paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

German and german class - Term Paper Example German health care system is considered one of the finest not only in Europe but also around the world. Hospitals in Germany continue to lead the industry where patients from Eastern Europe, Gulf and Arab nations seek medical care from this country. Germany’s hospitals became the primary choice in health travel because of high level of medical care and technical advances (www.health-tourism.com, Medical Tourism to Germany). Hospitals in Germany by law need to undergo surveillance programs under government supervision. Certifications and accreditations such from DIN or Deutsches Institut fr Normung, TEMOS or Telemedicine for the Mobile Society, and KTQ-GmBH or Cooperation for Quality and Transparency in Health Care must be complied (www.health-tourism.com, Medical Tourism to Germany). Aside from acquiring accreditations and certificates from German Institute for Standardization, physicians undergo strict and thorough training before they can practice. Even when they were still medical students, they underwent basic preliminary scientific study and hands-on clinical study. It will take 5 to 7 years for them to finish their desired specialization which is followed by another examination before they can practice. However, even with this intensive study, Germany still has higher average number of physician than USA and Canada with an average of 368 physicians per 100,000 residents (www.health-tourism.com, Medical Tourism to Germany). Saudi Arabia is also noted for having excellent medical facilities. One of the largest hospitals in Middle East is King Fahd Medical City. This hospital is known to have fine obstetric gynaecological and paediatric departments. When it comes to eye hospitals, one of the best in the world is the King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital (www.expatfocus.com, Saudi Arabia-Health Care and Medical Treatment). Saudi Arabia committed to improving medical health treatment for

Global Issues and Institutions Essay Example for Free

Global Issues and Institutions Essay Christian Nazis killed millions of Jews in the twentieth century. Maybe it just happens so that the terrorists are all considered Islamists nowadays, as U. S. foreign policy is focused on fighting Islamic extremism. The United States has also been playing an important role in the Middle East conflict. So far it has not been able to decide upon the side it takes, even though it appears to many that the U. S. sides with the Jews rather than the Arabs in the Holy Land. Then again, regardless of U. S. foreign policy, the fact remains that most major international conflicts in the twentieth and twenty first century have revolved around differences in religion. It is a paradox, though, that religion is essentially practiced for peace. Universal Education Many attempts have been made to understand the sociological basis of terrorism. According to a new study on the causes of terrorism, ordinary people can be easily â€Å"influenced into violence (â€Å"New Research Into Causes Of Terrorism Reveals People Turn To Suicide Bombing To Preserve Identity,† 2007). † Interactions with comrades who provide â€Å"an emotional haven† in addition to a â€Å"clear focus for turbulent energies† may very well serve as a cause of suicide bombing (â€Å"New Research Into Causes†). In order to root out this cause of suicide bombing, the new study suggests that it is essential for a group that believes in suicide bombing to have interactions with people who do not consider violence as a way to achieve immortality or the kingdom of God (â€Å"New Research Into Causes†). The best method of interaction is, no doubt, education of the diversity of cultures and experience of the people of the world. The United Nations and other organizations that are not related to specific nations must be imparting an education of universal values to the people who may otherwise turn into suicide bombers. After all, illiteracy may turn into a serious illness. In fact, all problems around the world seem to have been caused by it. Although the United Nations repeatedly speaks of universal education, it remains an unaccomplished goal. International Law The Internet and globalization make it necessary to strengthen international laws and empower the International Court of Justice. Rights of foreigners are not always respected. Let us consider the example of environmental problems to understand this issue of global importance. The Ramsar Convention is one of the treaties to help improve the environment. But, such conventions are not meant to be regulatory bodies that could compel contracting parties to follow their guidelines under the rule of law. If the contracting parties fail to fulfill their contract obligations, there are no punitive measures taken by the Ramsar Convention, although the terms of the Convention are said to â€Å"constitute a solemn treaty,† and are therefore considered â€Å"binding in international law (The Ramsar Convention, 2007). † What is truly needed is to make such conventions binding in international law. At present, no contracting party can be compelled to follow the guidelines of any such convention. By empowering the International Court of Justice to undertake the task, it may indeed become possible to develop a new convention on climate change for both the developed and developing countries. What is more, like the ‘no child left behind’ law, the new convention should aim to include every single country on the face of the earth. References New Research Into Causes Of Terrorism Reveals People Turn To Suicide Bombing To Preserve Identity. (2007, May 12). Medical News Today. Retrieved Nov 27, 2008, from http://www. medicalnewstoday. com/articles/70717. php. The Ramsar Convention. (2007). Retrieved Nov 27, 2008, from http://www. ramsar. org/index_about_ramsar. htm.

Introduction of Shipping Containers Essay Example for Free

Introduction of Shipping Containers Essay Until the 1960s, shipping had not changed much in decades. Handling cargo was a labor-intensive activity, and transportation costs and times—whether by land or by sea—were huge obstacles to trade, often making transcontinental, let alone global, and trade economically unfeasible. However something happened that changed that. That was the invention of the shipping container. The birth of the shipping container dates back to April 26, 1956 when a crane lifted fifty-eight aluminum truck bodies aboard an a ship called the Ideal-X docked in Newark, New Jersey. Five days later, the ship sailed in Houston, where fifty- eight trucks waited to take on the metal boxes and take them to their destinations. This heralded the beginning of a new era. Decades have passed since that fateful day which changed the world. Today we live in a globalized world so it is very difficult for us to even imagine the extent to which the container changed the world. In 1956, China was not the worlds workshop. It was not common to find Japanese electronics and cars in the middle of Dhaka. Western apparel brands didn’t have their products manufactured in Bangladesh either. Before the advent of the container, transporting goods was expensive. So expensive that it did not pay to ship many things halfway across the country, much less halfway around the world. The introduction of the container had an enormous impact upon the world’s economy. The masses of poorly paid workers who once made their livings loading and unloading ships ended up losing their jobs. Cities that had been centers of maritime commerce for ages, such as New York and Liverpool, saw their harbors decline due to them being unsuited to the container trade. Merchant sailors, who had sailed out to see the world, had their traditional days-long shore leave in exotic harbors replaced by a few hours ashore at a remote parking lot for containers, their vessel ready to weigh anchor the instant the high-speed cranes finished putting huge metal boxes off and on the ship. But even as it helped destroy the old economy, the container helped build a new one. Harbors such as Busan and Seattle moved into the front ranks of the worlds ports, and massive new ports were built in places like Felixstowe, in England, and Tanjung Pelepas, in Malaysia. Small towns, far away from the cities, could take advantage of their cheap land and low wages to attracted factories freed from the need to be near a port to enjoy cheap transportation. Extensive industrial complexes where thousands of workers manufactured products from start to finish gave way to smaller, more specialized plants that shipped components and half-finished goods to one another in ever lengthening supply chains. Poor countries, desperate for economic development, could realistically dream of becoming suppliers to wealthy countries far away. Huge industrial complexes were built in places Los Angeles and Hong Kong, only because the cost of bringing raw materials in and sending finished goods dropped extensively. The container made shipping cheap, and by doing so changed the economic geography of the world. It was now easier than ever before to transport goods all over the world. Goods could now be manufactured anywhere and sold anywhere. Thanks to the container the world had become a smaller place. This new economic geography allowed firms whose ambitions had been purely domestic to become international companies, allowing them to export their products and selling them abroad almost as effortlessly as selling them nearby. Those who had no desire to go international learned that they had no choice. Whether they liked it or not, they were competing globally because the global market was coming to them. High shipping costs no longer offered protection to high-cost producers whose biggest advantage was being geographically close to their customers. Even with customs duties and time delays, factories in Malaysia could deliver blouses to Macys in Herald Square more cheaply than could blouse manufacturers in the nearby lofts of New Yorks garment district. The world was full of small manufacturers selling locally in 1956 but by the end of the twentieth century, purely local markets for goods of any sort were extremely rare. The container as useful as it was to facilitating economic growth was not warmly received by the workers. The workers, as consumers gained plenty due to the container. They enjoyed infinitely more choices thanks to the global trade stimulated by the consumer. The increased trade brought about an increased level of competition which held prices down. Consumers all over the world enjoyed higher living standards due to the ready availability of inexpensive imported consumer goods. However as wage earners the workers weren’t too receptive of containers. In the years after World War II, wartime devastation created vast demand while low levels of international trade kept competitive forces under control. In this exceptional environment, workers and trade unions in North America, Western Europe, and Japan were able to egotiate nearly continuous improvements in wages and benefits, while government programs provided ever stronger safety nets. The workweek grew shorter, disability pay was made more generous, and retirement at sixty or sixty-two became the norm. The container helped bring an end to that unprecedented advance. Low shipping costs helped make capital even more mobile, increasing the bargaining power of employers against their far less mobile workers. In this highly integrated world economy, the pay of workers in Dhaka sets limits on wages in New York. For manufacturers it became more preferable to manufacture abroad in underdeveloped countries as pay and work place standards are low in underdeveloped countries. How much the container matters to the world economy is impossible to quantify. In the ideal world, we would like to know how much it cost to send one thousand mens shirts from Dhaka to Toronto in 1955, and to track how that cost changed as containerization came into use. Such data do not exist, but it seems clear that the container brought sweeping reductions in the cost of moving freight. From a ship carrying a few dozen containers that would not fit on any other vessel, container shipping matured into a highly automated, highly standardized industry on a global scale. An enormous containership can be loaded with a minute fraction of the labor and time required to handle a small conventional ship half a century ago. A few crew members can manage the entire vessel. A trucker can deposit a trailer at a customers loading dock, hook up another trailer, and drive on immediately, rather than watching his expensive rig stand idle while the contents are removed. All of those changes are consequences of the container revolution. Transportation has become so efficient that for many purposes, freight costs do not much effect economic decisions. Containerization has without a doubt changed the world. It has caused time-space compression that has greatly impacted economic geography. Places far away could now transfer all kinds of goods between them due to shipping containers. In simple words it has made the world a smaller place.

Democratic Leadership Or Participative Leadership Business Essay

Democratic Leadership Or Participative Leadership Business Essay Open system in Organisation:  An open system means open to environment. Organisation exists and utilities in environment. Environment makes the organization to  obtain  right type of people, technology and structure so that the goals to serve the environment can be managed. The organisation is thus critically effect the environment. Mostly the demands or wants of the people defines the strategies and goals of an organization. What are the needs in  the market  and how an organization can carry new and needy products to  the market  create a contact between the organization and the environment. Without communication, organization cannot satisfy required products or services to  the users  groups. This way, an organization is an open system, without which it cannot survive. Organisation is goal oriented:  Without goal or set of goals, organisation is unusable. There is nothing for the organization to do. Therefore, the main characteristic of any organization is its goal.The goal gives line of action; acquire  required type of people and uses type of technology so that the goal is achieved in an expected time point. Without goal, organization cannot be designed. Collection  of people in organisation:  People are the main performers in any organisation. In other world, all the features of any organisation are the same except the people. Even with the same age, qualification, skills and services, the output of the people may differ, simply because the needs and wants of all people are not the same. What makes them work by heart and head is the one that differentiate organisations from one to others. Organisation consists of technology:  Technology is the means of doing works. There are various types of doing works. An organisation contains of more people, its performance technique should be of a fixed type so that each individual in the organisation can  exercise  them well. This is how technology pledges. Technology comforts  the work  and reduces the time. Technology creates a certain policy necessary to keep  organizational  beliefs in doings of the various people at different  structural  level. This saves the integrity of the people in succeed goals. Organisation has continuity:  As the organization includes people, and the people produce different needs, they can leave the organization or some may die too. This does not affect the organization to stop or decrease in size. Hence, it is said that every organisation has its own continuity. A good manager can leave but other better man can take over the trust of the organisation. AC 1.2 I have chosen KFC fast food restaurant. Its mission statement is given below. KFC   Kentucky fried chicken. Brand mission is to be our customers favorite place and way to eat. That broad and common mission statement is more clearly defined by the Kfc Values, which reflects the experience that customers can expect when walking into a Kfc fast food restaurant no matter where it is located  · We place the customer experience at the core of all we do.  · We are committed to our people.  · We believe in the kfc System.  · We operate our business decently.  · We give back to our communities.  · We grow our business profitably.  · We struggle continually to improve. As KFC mission statement states, they value their customers and want to be the best place for them to eat. KFC offer a wide range of fast foods like Chicken burgers, fries, drinks etc with affordable prices. Their quality of food is so good that one thinks to go to their restaurants again and again. They offer deals including different items on the cheapest prices. From their mission statement, we can note that their goals are to achieve market share by becoming peoples favourite. By visiting them, one can say that they have almost achieved their goals because every time a great rush of people always seen there. When someone goes to the restaurant, he/she feels like he belongs to that place. Staff performance to the people in a very good manner. Restaurants are kept very neat. Their quality of food is of such a standard that customers get the value for their money. AC1.3 There are many different features that affect the individual behaviour at work but there are some general factors. These general features are, Ability and Skills Personality Perception Attitudes Ability and Skills: Ability is a person talent to perform mentel Ara physical task Skill is a learned talent that a person has acquired to perform a task. Personality: Personality can be defined as the study of the characteristics and traits of an individual, the inter-relations between them and the way in which a person responds and adjusts to other people and situations. Different factors that affect the personality of an individual are heredity, family, society, culture and situation. Personality can be regarded as the most complex aspect of humans that influences their behaviour in a big way. It can be concluded that the study of personality traits offers an opportunity to understand the individuals. It helps them properly in directing their effort and motivating them for the achievement of the organisational goal. Perception: The cognitive process meant for interpreting the environmental stimuli in a meaningful way is referred to as perception. Every individual on the basis of his/he reference can organize and interpret environmental stimuli. There are many factors that influence the perception of an individual. The study of perception plays important role for the managers. It is important for mangers to create the favorable work environment so that employees perceive them in most favorable way. The employees are likely to perform better if they are going to perceive it in a positive way. Attitude: are determines of behaviour because they are linked with Perception, Personality, feeling and motivation. Attitude: A mentel state of readiness Learned and organized through experience Exerting a specific response to people objects and situation which it is related. Task 2 AC 2.1 Management: Management is the act of getting people together to achieve chosen goals. Management Functions: The first person who said about the management functions was French named Henri Fayol 1916  book  Administration  Industrially et Generali. He identified five functions of management, .Planning .Organising .Commanding .Controlling .Co-ordinating Planning The first step is planning this step involves mapping out exactly how to achieve the goal for an organisation and how to improve the company scale The manager first step needs to decide step are necessary to accomplish that goal, these may be improve organisation growth, inventory and sales staff. The manager step to plane, than the plane is place. Organising: As the name suggests organising relates to assigning the tasks and roles to the employees. Managers must assign the tasks to the employees in such a way that they get clear understanding of what to do and also ensure that the tasks are assigned to employees according to their skills. Commanding: This function concerns how managers direct employees. Fayol addressed such activities as effective communications, managerial behaviors, and the uses of rewards and punishment in discussing how a manager should command employees. Co-ordinating: Co-ordinating means helping. So, managers must help their sub ordinates whenever they feel in trouble. They must try to create a friendly environment so that employees could easily share the problems they are facing while working towards the achievement of organisational objectives and goals. Controlling After the other elements are in place, a manager job is not finished, he needs to check result against the goal and take any corrective action necessary to make that this area plane is on track. Managerial Roles A role is a planned set of behaviours. Henry Mintzberg (1973) has defines ten Sub roles common to the work of all managers. The ten roles are divided into three groups: interpersonal, informational, and decisional. as stated by Mintzberg (1973), managerial roles are as follows:   1. Informational roles   2. Decisional roles   3. Interpersonal roles   1.  Informational roles:  This involves the role of adjusting and disadjusting information as and when required.    2. Decisional roles:  It involves make good decision for orgnisation. 3.  Interpersonal roles:   This role involves personal things with people working in the organization. A.c 2.2 Management Styles: Management styles are the characteristics of management about making decisions, their manners and behaviours with the people inside and outside the organisation. There are four different management styles.  ·Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Autocratic  ·Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Democratic  ·Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Consultative  ·Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Laissez-Faire Autocratic: An autocratic management style is that where manager makes decisions on his/her own without asking their subordinates about their opinions. Manager of this style can be a confident person but he loses the trust by the subordinates. They may feel limited freedom of opinion. So, this can sometimes results to lack of employees, lack of trust and a potential lack of profitability. Democratic: A democratic management style is that where manager allows his/her sub-ordinates to take part in the decision making. This creates a sense of trust and satisfaction between managers and subordinates. Communication becomes easy between managers and subordinates. Complex decisions can be taken by using the specialist skills of the employees. Consultative: As the name suggests, consultative management style refers to consultation. Manager asks his/her sub-ordinates for their opinions but it is the manager who takes the final decision. Overall decision is taken in the best interest of employees as well as the company. In this style there is a sense of freedom but it is limited to some extent. Employees feel satisfied as they are involved in making decision. Laissez-Faire: Laissez-faire management style refers to the complete freedom given to employees by their managers. It is the style in which manager delegates the responsibility to the employees to make decisions. Manager directs the sub-ordinates towards the target and asks them to achieve the target using their own ways and ideas. There comes a sense of complete freedom, sense and satisfaction as employees are now free to complete the tasks using their own perception. It can bring the creativity and innovation to the work. It can also increase the profitability of the organisation. By looking at all the management styles I would recommend the Consultative management style because, I think, a little gap between the management and the employees is must. In this style though decision is taken by the manager him/herself but he /she still asks his/her sub-ordinates about their opinions. So, he takes into account what majority needs and what will go in the favour of employees and company as well and takes the best decision. So, management is involved in decision making but up to a limit. So, according to me, consultative style is best to follow as a management style. A.C 2.3 Leadership A leadership is the art of motivating a people or a group act towards to achieving a combine or common goal is called leadership. Leader ship is a force who incurring the people to achieving a common goal. Leadership styles Leadership have many styles Coaching This one on one style focuses on developing individual showing them how to improve their performance, and the big thing is helping to contact their goals for the organisation, if the coaching is well people and employee learn more. Afflictive This style emphasizes the importance of team work ,and create harmony in group by connecting with each other .MR.Goleman argues this approach is very important when trying to heighten team harmony, increase moral, improve ,communication or repair broken trust in an organisation but he warns against when you using it alone. Democratic This style is draw on peoples knowledge and skill and create a group to a resulting goals ,this style of leadership is best work when the direction the organisation unclear its very helpful and the leader needs to top of collective wisdom of the group. Commanding This style of leadership the classic model of military, it is most often when the last condition, because it rarely involves praise and frequently employs criticism, even the modern military has come to recognize its usefulness. Leadership Advantages Disadvantages Democratic: DISADVANTAGES Shower decision making Less production Every one involve Decision making is very difficult Leader can unsure and make everything a matter combine or meeting decision Advantages More individual responsibility More relation with other organisation More easily targeted growth More motivate the people Greater for production AUTOARATIC Disadvantages More group hostility More dependence on selected leader More apathy in group .Decision making is very difficult Advantages .More group productivity .Group makes the quicker decision . Pushes the group for more production AC3.1 Motivation: The urge to take action to achieve specific goal is known as motivation. It means trying to encourage somebody to decide to do something for themselves. Motivation is important to an organisation because it enhances the quality and increases the output of an organisation. Staffs get happy, so there comes innovation in the activities of the organisations. Motivation also affects the individuals working in organisations. It increases the morale of the motivated workers and helps them deal with the challenging tasks in an efficient way. They feel like more involved in the organisation and think that they are doing something best which leads the organisation towards the profitability and development. Organisations use different techniques to motivate their employees. A few of them are,  · Monetary rewards- According to Frederick Taylor, Monetary reward are an important motivating factor. Most of the people do agree with the statement of Taylor and it is true to some extent. By giving monetary rewards based on performance, an employee gets motivated and works hard to perform better to gain those monetary rewards. Monetary rewards include bonus payments, paying a portion of basic pay on achieving more than expected profits etc.  · Enhanced Communication- Communication refers to, not only ordering and giving feedback but, listening to the employee needs. By asking the employee about his problems on the workplace, he/she may feel like part of the organisation and motivated to perform well in his/her area of performance.  · Employee Involvement- By involving an employee in decision making for the organisation, an employee may feel like he/she is trusted to give opinions and there might be a share of his/her thought in making important decisions. Involving an employee in organisations important activities makes them feel they are trusted so this impacts the performance of employee in a positive way.  · Job rotation- There are a lot of workers in an organisation which have to do the same tasks daily. In order to motivate them, job rotation is best. It allows them to learn new skills by shifting them from one task to another. Autocratic Leadership: Autocratic leadership is an extreme form of transactional leadership, where leaders have absolute power over their workers or team. Staff and team members have little opportunity to make suggestions, even if these would be in the teams or the organizations best interest. Most people tend to resent being treated like this. Therefore, autocratic leadership often leads to high levels of absenteeism and staff turnover. However, for some routine and unskilled jobs, the style can remain effective because the advantages of control may outweigh the disadvantages. Democratic leadership or participative leadership: Although democratic leaders make the final decisions, they invite other members of the team to contribute to the decision-making process. This not only increases job satisfaction by involving team members, but it also helps to develop peoples skills. Team members feel in control of their own destiny, so theyre motivated to work hard by more than just a financial reward. Laissez-faire leadership: This French phrase means leave it be, and its used to describe leaders who leave their team members to work on their own. It can be effective if the leader monitors whats being achieved and communicates this back to the team regularly. Most often, laissez-faire leadership is effective when individual team members are very experienced and skilled self-starters. Unfortunately, this type of leadership can also occur when managers dont apply sufficient control. A.C 3.2 Motivation Motivation is a process to attract the people for giving some packages, salary, bonus, etc. Many companies are working in the world and TESCO is one of them TESCO is begin 1919 with one man Jack Cohen ,a market stakeholder selling groceries in London since the TESCO has across the world ,now 2,200 stores in whole the world they have meet and customer needs ,goods TESCO have more polite ,well educated staff and trained staff. TESCO considers that the business into two groups people customer and staff. TESCO have reward to their staff flex working Discount gym member ship Staff discount Company share option In 1911 the engineer Frederick Taylor published one of the earliest motivation theories. Taylor search people work purely for money In the early 1930 theorist Elton Mayo suggested that motivation at work was promoted by such factor Greater communication Good team work Showing interest in other Involving other decision making Ensuring work is interesting and no respective Maslow and Herzberg C:UsersAMAAppDataLocalTempksohtmlwps_clip_image-4749.png Maslow Maslow argued that humans are motivated by five essential needs, and he formed a pyramid demonstrating these needs and these are called hierarach of needs At the bottom of the pyramids basic needs those are motivated for food and shelter, once time these needs through pay, individual want security through, for example, good job position social need, refer to the needs to belong and to be part of a group Maslow suggest that achieving one level motivates achieve the next C:UsersAMAAppDataLocalTempksohtmlwps_clip_image-10688.png Herzberg Herzberg theory is based on two parts hygienic factor and motivators, his research showed that certain factor where the true motivators This theory shows that to truly motivate an employee a business and need to the certain condition. Its very helpful committed to work place. Herzberg theory motivating factor helps to build a business that delivers and give consistently strong result. Conclusion Employee motivation is an important task for a company managers thats why the Taylor suggest pat motivated worker to improve the production and Herzberg suggest by hygienic conditions. A.C 3.3 Frederick Herzberg, after interviewing a lot of employees, gave his theory of motivation. His theory is also known as Herzbergs two factor theory because, after interviewing the employees, there were two factors common among all the employees. These factors are Hygiene factors and Motivators. Hygiene factors are often referred to as dissatisfies. These include the factors that make an employee unhappy for example in an autocratic work environment, employees may feel unhappy, dissatisfied and low trusted. These are the things that lead an employee to demotivation and hence, affect his performance and companies as well. On the other hand, motivators are the factors opposite to hygiene factors. These are sometimes referred to as satisfiers. These are the factors that satisfy the employees needs on a workplace. These factors include promotion, job recognition, responsibility etc. Herzberg believed that businesses needed to ensure that hygiene factors were minimized in order to enable motivators to have their full effect. Managers must keep the environment in such a manner so that they could understand the problems employees are facing. They must ensure the open communication with the employees so that they could work out to solve them. These things motivate the employees and they start working and thinking in a positive way. AC4.2 My name is Muhammad Adnan. In the class we were grouped by teacher. Then we decided the name of group. Our group name was Tiger. We decide 1 electrical thing that was cut camera. 4.1 Our group was arranged by the teacher. We was three guys in the group. Adnan sherbet iftakhar we were advertise the cctv camera.cctv   is use for monitoring of the  behavior, activities, or other changing information, usually of people for the purpose of influencing, managing, directing, or protecting.cctv is amazing technology.first we thought about cctv how can we advertise the purpose of cctv.then we made a plan.we imagine one organization. DR.Browne give a chance to present ourselves and promote abilities and utilize our experience .First of all we decide to present on CCTV , because many robbery cases are seeing in city ,in banks ,or country ,when we were working a team everyone feel relax ,because many advisor who were giving many ideas but finally we decide CCTV. Teamwork can lead better decision and quality of team work may be measured by analyzing in the following six components of collaboration among the team work. 1. Communication 2. Co-ordination 3. Balance member 4. Contribution 5. Mutual support 6. Effort When you work in a team communication is very important, teamwork is done well when everyone proper contributes and with co-coordinative mind, then your team play effective role. In my teamwork my experience is good and will helpful for my factures.

College Admissions Essay: Bringing Home the Gold :: College Admissions Essays

Bringing Home the Gold    My family owned and operated a jewelry business for 8 years, since I was 10 years old. I grew up with this store, among the earrings and ornaments, always surrounded by things made from a unique substance called gold. Gold is a well-known element, atomic number 79; of course, everyone knows of its international monetary value.   However, gold also has a deeply personal resonance; and upon closer examination, this material provides an emblematic picture of my past, my future, and what I offer Harvard University.    Gold is a soft, yellow metal. It is extremely ductile, the most malleable metal there is.  Ã‚   I exhibit similar qualities, as I also adapt to the demands of my environment.  Ã‚   I am Persian, though I was born in Lebanon and later came to the United States; upon arrival here, I had to face the challenge of learning the English language.   I had to take a new shape in order to excel in unfamiliar surroundings.   In addition, I again transformed by beginning to learn my native Farsi language in order to further mold my cultural identity. Yet gold is not always a shifting, malleable metal; it is hardened by alloying with other metals, increasing its strength.   I hope to go through a corresponding process at Harvard.   I want to become a more solid citizen through exposure to other viewpoints and cultures, and by offering my own.   I will mix with new perspectives; I will alloy with my fellow students, with my professors, and with the learning that both groups impart in order to become stronger academically, socially, and culturally.    Moreover, gold is a corrosion-resistant metal.   I feel my past exhibits the characteristics of this material in that I avoided corrosion of my mind and body through active academic and athletic participation. In high school, I was president of the student body and head of the study group division. I became an Eagle Scout and was a member of the school's flag hoisting brigade.   I also played tennis competitively, swam, and played racquetball.   Through these experiences, I have gained the necessary leadership skills and exhibited unflagging responsibility to ensure a corrosion-free body and spirit.    Finally, gold parallels my goals for the future. It is one of the most conductive metals, extremely well suited for carrying an electric current.   I, too, aim to conduct another kind of electricity-political organization, by pursuing a degree in Political Science at Harvard. College Admissions Essay: Bringing Home the Gold :: College Admissions Essays Bringing Home the Gold    My family owned and operated a jewelry business for 8 years, since I was 10 years old. I grew up with this store, among the earrings and ornaments, always surrounded by things made from a unique substance called gold. Gold is a well-known element, atomic number 79; of course, everyone knows of its international monetary value.   However, gold also has a deeply personal resonance; and upon closer examination, this material provides an emblematic picture of my past, my future, and what I offer Harvard University.    Gold is a soft, yellow metal. It is extremely ductile, the most malleable metal there is.  Ã‚   I exhibit similar qualities, as I also adapt to the demands of my environment.  Ã‚   I am Persian, though I was born in Lebanon and later came to the United States; upon arrival here, I had to face the challenge of learning the English language.   I had to take a new shape in order to excel in unfamiliar surroundings.   In addition, I again transformed by beginning to learn my native Farsi language in order to further mold my cultural identity. Yet gold is not always a shifting, malleable metal; it is hardened by alloying with other metals, increasing its strength.   I hope to go through a corresponding process at Harvard.   I want to become a more solid citizen through exposure to other viewpoints and cultures, and by offering my own.   I will mix with new perspectives; I will alloy with my fellow students, with my professors, and with the learning that both groups impart in order to become stronger academically, socially, and culturally.    Moreover, gold is a corrosion-resistant metal.   I feel my past exhibits the characteristics of this material in that I avoided corrosion of my mind and body through active academic and athletic participation. In high school, I was president of the student body and head of the study group division. I became an Eagle Scout and was a member of the school's flag hoisting brigade.   I also played tennis competitively, swam, and played racquetball.   Through these experiences, I have gained the necessary leadership skills and exhibited unflagging responsibility to ensure a corrosion-free body and spirit.    Finally, gold parallels my goals for the future. It is one of the most conductive metals, extremely well suited for carrying an electric current.   I, too, aim to conduct another kind of electricity-political organization, by pursuing a degree in Political Science at Harvard.

Global Communication :: International Relations Global Essays Papers

Global Communication In chapter 14 on his book Global Communication in the twenty-first century, Stevenson focuses on the topic of persuasive communication. He presents a brief analysis of propaganda, or using his term, public diplomacy, making reference to the United States Information Agency (USIA). He also speaks about advertising highlighting that international advertising is increasing. Stevenson refers that the new global communications systems are efficient tools for governments and economics sectors to reach and influence public opinion, I suppose that it is understood that always communications systems have been efficient to influence people. It is much what scholars have writing about persuasive communication and it is much what we have read about this. Stevenson just presents a compact information with different examples which permit illustrated the topic. In the formation of stereotypes, influence in the self-identity and the role of the media in this process, an example comes to my mind. The refuse of the â€Å"stigma† of being Indians, commonly seen in many countries of Latin America. At this respect, Carrasco in a study about Indians migration in Ecuador points out that they â€Å"change their clothes in the bus terminal bathroom in Riobamba, in order to arrive in Guayaquil without seeming Indians.... They return talking like costeà ±os, and some refuse to speak Quechua even in the local community† (Carrasco, 105). Obviously, in this case, this comportment not only responds to an impact of the media over this people, in fact, many of them do not have a direct relation with media. Other factors like history, socio-economic relations, believes and culture are probably much more important than the portrayal of the Indians in the media, nonetheless, it is important to mention how media contribute. We could allege Mexican good selling TV novelas or soap operas, with large acceptancing among audience in Ecuador and other Latin American countries, Indians roles here are poor and with a lack of values. Probably a better example is a disgusting but popular series called â€Å"La India Maria†, where the protagonist is a dumb, dirty and poor Indian woman. The latter produced by â€Å"Televisa† in Mexico. In relation with this program and attending critics from some sectors of the audience, Televisa president, Emilio Azcarraga, said â€Å"to educate is a task of the government and not of Televisa†. Personally I think that for good or bad, nobody has influenced the formation (or disformation) of today Mexican minds as Televisa and Azcarraga family.

The Effect of Technology on My Life :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Effect of Technology on My Life I roll around on my bed, tossing and turning. The blare from my alarm clock deafens my right ear, and I quickly throw an arm over to it and slam on the snooze button. It is 6 o'clock in the morning, and already technology has affected my life. I fall to my feet and walk towards the showers. Another form of technology is about to take over my life. Well, at least for the next ten to 20 minutes. The alarm clock, running water, these are only two of the millions of examples of technology I will encounter today. I place technology into two, well, three basic categories: Informative, which helps us obtain and use information, Communicative, which includes language, signs, and the like, and that help us communicate with each other, and Useful, such as electricity and running water. These are the things that make our lives easier and help us get through the day to day. Also, there are those things that we are taught. I believe that learning, such as being racist, is a technology. Okay, so I have four categories, all right? Education and Learning is the fourth. I believe this because you are not born a racist, you're your environment and those you are around teach you to be that way. Also, it ties in to other forms of technology. Like, when you're a baby, you can't speak, so you have no way to communicate how you fell. But as you grow older, you learn language t hat you hear being spoken around you. You slowly pick up on the words and phrases used to express desires and thoughts. This is learning and teaching as technology. This "story" is about how my life is affected by technology, and so I got to thinking: What better way to explain this than to take you (the reader) on a journey through a typical day in my life? Here we go. I've already woken up, and taken my shower, and now I trudge back to my room to get ready for my classes. I turn on my lamp (technology), without which I couldn't put on my make-up.

Culture Makes Better Future Essay

Culture is sort of like history or evolution. People make the mistake of assuming history has a purpose or that evolution has a purpose. But in reality, history is just an aggregate of facts and opinions about the past. History, or the march of civilization, has no direction, no goal. Yes, we seem to be â€Å"improving† ourselves by certain metrics but that isn’t an a priori requirement. Evolution is also not striving towards any particular direction. We are not at the cutting edge of evolution in any sense. If in a million years, the organism that can survive on Earth best is an amoeba, then amoebae will be the dominant species on the planet. It’s not a better or worse situation (except maybe for us), it just is. Similarly it is not culture’s job to create a better future. What does â€Å"better† even mean? Better for whom? At what cost for other entities? I imagine some cultures might like to take things slow and enjoy life, while others might believe in long work hours and competitiveness. Who’s the arbiter of better or worse here? Some culture might devalue women to the extent that it loses too many of them and isn’t able to effectively propagate itself, effectively dying out. I’m sure people from that culture wouldn’t be happy about that, although it’s â€Å"good† in some universal sense. Culture exists to propagate itself, not to do any good or bad for the people who follow it. My thoughts here are more or less para-phrasings of the discussion on ‘memes’ from ‘The Selfish Gene’. Culture at best, creates a feeling of societal cohesion, a generalized patriotism that can compel its members to perform better against other cultures. I don’t think it makes any sense in asking if culture is good for youth and country because that assumes that there is an alternative to culture, a state of diminished culture, or non-culture. That’s not going to happen ever. Culture doesn’t allow a vacuum to exist; something always rushes in to take up the empty space. You might mean instead mean to ask about the importance of a country’s indigenous culture for that country’s progress, in the context of foreign culture having undesired influences. To that I say, let the fittest survive. I don’t believe in feeling guilty or upset about, for example, Indian culture becoming westernized. If a culture is strong enough, it’ll adapt itself to new challenges. If not, too bad. Just like there have been millions of species that are now extinct, and also millions more than can arise given the appropriate conditions on Earth– culture, like life, will always be around in some form or the other. And just like you can’t say that any particular bird or animal or virus is â€Å"better† for nature, you really just can’t discuss how culture is â€Å"better† for our future.

Black Men and Public Space Essay

In Brent Staples’ personal essay â€Å"Black Men and Public Space†, he tells the readers what happen to a young black man in an urban setting. He pinpointed that people often stereotype you because of color, race, gender, culture or appearance. In addition, the author expresses to us that he notices the space between him and other people, such as women on the street. Some people may disagree that women set a certain amount of space when walking by a black man on the street. This statement is not true and public space is not about race, gender, color, culture, or appearance. Do we as a people stereotype other people because of race or gender? I believe that race plays a big role when viewing other people, either if were walking down the street or walking into the store. We have a specific view of people from other races and even their own. For example, a black businesswoman might stereotype another woman from her own race because she may not have the same attire as her or grew up in a different area. A white businesswoman might look down on another white women who make less money than her like she is no one, which is not true. But back to Staples’, he once said that a woman cast worried glance at Staples when she saw him walking down the street. Staples found this to be a little strange as he walks too close to the women she seems to pick up her pace of speed after a few glimpses of Staples. In this part of the essay, Staples had a sense that a woman who barely knows him was probably stereotyping him. In addition, he stated that when he would walk in front of a car when people were at a stoplight, men and women would lock their car doors. In recent news in the put exact month it happened year 2013, there was a famous story about a young boy named Trayvon Martin. Trayvon’s story can relate well with the author personal essay. Just like Staples, Travyon was a young African American boy who was stereotyped by the way he looked by someone of another race. The person that speculated young Trayvon to be dangerous was a Latino man, name George Zimmerman who was well over Trayvon’s age, and thought the young boy had a gun in his pocket and was going to shoot him. Zimmerman perceived Trayvon to be a dangerous threat to the person of a different race but in reality he was a young boy with a hoodie over his head and skittles in his pocket. Staples personal essay relates to this story because when he walks into a store or down the street people would look at him in a different light. Just because he is young African American man walking down the street or into the store doesn’t mean he will steal, kill, or rape someone. Instead looking down on people of other races than our own, we other need to be optimistic because not everyone is the same. People shouldn’t have to change their demeanor for other people not to be scared of them because of what they look like or their race. Brent Staples believed that the woman in his personal essay thought he was a rapist, mugger, or worse, he noted that there was a certain amount distance between him and women especially at night. This proves to show that when people are being stereotyped they pay close attention to gender as well as race. You’re less likely to be afraid of a black woman, or any woman, walking down the street at night. When the woman saw a black man it seemed as if she felt trapped and that the narrator closing in on her only made her more anxious and ready to run. Would the situation be the same if a black woman were walking behind her? I believe the situation would be nothing similar to what the narrator experienced. Most people see women as less intimidating than a man. I know if a woman was wearing a hoodie and walking behind me I would be less scared and intimidated than if a man was walking behind me. I think part of that is our perception of the opposite sex. I perceive men as stronger than women, no matter what their race is. It’s just the image that we get from the media, our parents, and our surroundings. Either way people are stereotyped everyday, it doesn’t matter if you are black/white or a man/woman. As a whole we need to stop labeling people by the way they look because one day we might mistake the wrong person that appears to be a good a person but in reality they are the rapist or mugger. So before you decide to give off any perception of anyone by the way they look, you should be optimistic and have an open mind towards other people, but still have guard up.

Study On The Flatiron Building Anthropology Essay

[ Outline: This is a 5 page term paper written in MLA format explicating why any interior decorator in the modern epoch should be interested in the Flatiron Building, constructed in 1902 in New York. The paper gives a description of the most bewitching architectural characteristics of Flatiron edifice that make it alone and admirable. The paper relies on 2 beginnings. ]The Flatiron BuildingEric Nash clearly describes the Flatiron edifice located in New York City. Its building was completed in 1902 and it is one of the most popular and best known skyscrapers in the universe that derives its name from its Fe like form. It is an energetic combination of Renaissance and Gothic architectural manners. It is made up of broad, good designed 22 narratives which are divided into three parts, viz. , the beginning, the center and the terminal, merely like a classical Grecian column. The Flatiron ‘s dramatic form and its exceeding tallness stretch its classical attire uneasily.1 Picture demoing the beginning, the center and the top of the Flatiron 1 Eric Nash, Manhattan Skyscrapers. ( New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1999 ) 121. Eric Nash clearly shows that the edifice was constructed utilizing structural steel frame with extended air current brace intentionally made to defy crabwise force per unit area from the air current. This reflects recent credence of the all-steel skeleton for skyscrapers in New York. The skeleton steel framing of Flatiron edifice is light and less susceptible to fire amendss as compared to press, therefore doing the edifice stronger and more lasting. Use of steel skeleton in building of Flatiron made it possible for the edifice to be elevated higher up to twenty two floors as opposed to lade bearing walls that antecedently restricted the tallness bearable by their tonss. The edifice was constructed on a rectangular cuneus piece of land giving it its authoritative captivating visual aspect from the land to the sky. He farther argues that unlike New York ‘s early skyscrapers taking the signifier of towers that were constructed lifting from a lower blockier weight like the modern- day Singer Building, the Flatiron edifice has limestone and glassy terra cotta faCade which is divided into a triangular base, shaft and capital.2. Eric Nash observed that Flatiron ‘s ornate but restrained frontage was made utilizing terra-cotta panels and rock making signifiers that simulate any effects of rustication, doing it long lasting. Rusticated limestone is uniformly detailed from the land of the Flatiron edifice to the sky to guarantee that there are slender opportunities of Flatiron ‘s devastation by environmental conditions. The Flatiron ‘s masonry insularity, its outer tegument of rock and glazed terra-cotta protects it from any rough conditions conditions which could otherwise destruct the edifice. Besides this, the Flatiron ‘s rustication and to a great extent prornamented forms of these walls, every bit good as the cautiously sized Windowss, give the faCades a heavy visual aspect, this is attractive to the eyes 3 2 Nash 123 3 Nash 125Picture demoing Flatiron ‘s outer tegumentAndrew Dolkart observed that the multistory oriels in the middle, which are outstanding in many of Burnham ‘s Chicago edifices, are merely hardly perceptible on the busy, more enclosed tegument of the Flatiron. This greater ocular weigh of the repartition of the overall design into a distinguishable base, a insistent middle, and a crowning valance extended to 22 narratives, makes the whole Flatiron appear column-like, separating the edifice from the remainder. He farther observed that the long, thin triangular footmark of the Flatiron extrudes up through all its 20 two narratives. With all three facades confronting the streets, this tall, thin edifice was designed to ever hold really well-lit office infinites. At the vertex of the Flatiron edifice, the triangular tower, which is merely 6.5 pess ( 2 metres ) broad and a tallness of 80 seven Meters is seen to depict an ague angle that is approximately estimated to be 25 gr ades when viewed from bird ‘s oculus position. The ague angled corners bring out a dramatic, exaggerated position which is alone and extremely admirable. 44Andrew Dolkart. Architecture Development of New York City and the Birth of Skyscraper. ( Columbia: Columbia University 2009 ) . 11 Eric Nash farther observed that the most acute angle of the Flatiron points north, doing the edifice to look like it has a small deepness like a wall leaned precariously against the sky, separating it from any other edifice in the vicinity. The inside of the Flatiron has queerly shaped broad offices with their walls cutting through an angle on their manner to skyscraper ‘s celebrated point. This gives the edifice rather a beautiful and attractive expression. The gravity-defying semblance of the edifice is further enhanced by the tremendous valance projecting sharply from the top of the edifice, giving the whole matter a top-heavy visual aspect. The elements of Flatiron ‘s design tantrum in comfortably with the general development of the house in which the edifice was constructed.5 Harmonizing to Andrew, The unconventional triangular batch coupled with exceeding tallness transformed architectural conventions of Flatiron into a beautiful alone construction. The edifice stuffs used for Flatiron were cost effectual, efficient and made it possible for it to be rapidly erected. Flatiron was so a perfect architectural solution to America ‘s turning business districts in the twentieth century. It consists of 13,400 square metres of office infinite and decidedly one of the Stockholm ‘s new landmarks. The dramatic ocular presence of this uncommon perpendicular mass is what makes the edifice immediately celebrated both with tourers and those in the humanistic disciplines coping with the nature of New York ‘s modernity.6 5 Nash 136. 6 Dolkart 13.DecisionThis paper started by depicting the form and location of the Flatiron edifice constructed in 1902 in New York. It further discussed in item the design and architectural characteristics of the edifice that make it really alone despite the fact that it was constructed over 100 old ages ago. Its characteristic structural division into three parts, the beginning, the center and the terminal gives it a alone appealing visual aspect. Its alone triangular form design and the cuneus shaped piece of land where the edifice was erected spring it an first-class position hence it is easy distinguished from all other edifices in the vicinity. The edifice ‘s little breadth of merely two metres and exceeding tallness of 80 seven metres lodging twenty two storey distinguishes it from ancient heavy broad edifices. While seting more accent on the singularity and lastingness of the stuffs in building of Flatiron edifice used such as the radical steel frame which is less suscep tible to fire unlike Fe, the limestone covering arising from the land to the sky to protect the edifice from rough conditions conditions, and the white terra cotta tegument in the Italian Renaissance manner which gives the edifice a extremely admirable dramatic position. From the findings of this paper, it is obviously clear that the Flatiron edifice is rather a alone edifice in both the construction and the design and hence any designer or interior decorator would be interested in its construction and design.Plants CitedNash, Eric. Manhattan Skyscrapers. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1999. Dolkart, Andrew. Architecture Development of New York City and the Birth of Skyscraper. Columbia: Columbia University 2009.Siteshypertext transfer protocol: //hermis.alberta.ca/ARHP/Details.aspx? DeptID=1 & A ; ObjectID=4665-0499 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nyc-architecture.com/GRP/GRP024.htm